# Technique T0021: Memes

* **Summary**: Memes are one of the most important single artefact types in all of computational propaganda. Memes in this framework denotes the narrow image-based definition. But that naming is no accident, as these items have most of the important properties of Dawkins' original conception as a self-replicating unit of culture. Memes pull together reference and commentary; image and narrative; emotion and message. Memes are a powerful tool and the heart of modern influence campaigns.

* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06


| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../incidents/I00005.md) | Memes... anti-immigration; euroskepticism; fear, outrage, conspiracy narratives |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../incidents/I00017.md) | Memes... anti-immigration; euroskepticism; fear, outrage, conspiracy narratives |
| [I00042 Saudi/Qatar bot dispute](../incidents/I00042.md) | memes |
| [I00056 Iran Influence Operations](../incidents/I00056.md) | Memes... anti-Isreal/USA/West, conspiracy narratives |



| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00006 Charge for social media](../counters/C00006.md) | D2 Deny |
| [C00006 Censorship](../counters/C00006.md) | D2 Deny |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../counters/C00012.md) | D2 Deny |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups – not recommended](../counters/C00072.md) | D2 Deny |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../counters/C00073.md) | D2 Deny |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../counters/C00074.md) | D2 Deny |
| [C00076 Prohibit images in political discourse channels](../counters/C00076.md) | D2 Deny |
| [C00085 Mute content](../counters/C00085.md) | D3 Disrupt |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../counters/C00107.md) | D2 Deny |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../counters/C00117.md) | D4 Degrade |
| [C00118 Repurpose images with new text](../counters/C00118.md) | D4 Degrade |
| [C00119 Engage payload and debunk. Provide link to facts. ](../counters/C00119.md) | D7 Deter |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../counters/C00122.md) | D2 Deny |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../counters/C00176.md) | D7 Deter |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../counters/C00211.md) | D3 Disrupt |


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