core/e2fsprogs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badblocks
https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/BadBlockHowto
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Badblocks
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Identify_damaged_files
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/fsck
https://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/how-to-fix-repair-bad-blocks-in-linux/

e2fsck
    -C0 -fv /dev/sdNN
    -cfpv /dev/sdaNN

e2fsck -c, -cc
# mkfs.ext4 -c /dev/device

badblocks
    -v   /dev/sdNN # ?
    -sv  /dev/sda6 # read-only, without un-mount
    -nvs /dev/sdNN
    -wvs /dev/sdNN
    # s-show, v-verbose
tune2fs
    -l /dev/sda2
        | grep Block
            Block count: 29119820
            Block size: 4096
        | grep "Last checked:"

upstart-way of fsck:
    sudo touch /forcefsck
    sudo shutdown -rF now

fsck.service
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/improve_boot_performance#Filesystem_mounts
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-fsck@.service.html
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=148430
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=165309

/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block resume keyboard keymap filesystems fsck"
?? need to remove fsck