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53 строки
1.8 KiB
Plaintext
53 строки
1.8 KiB
Plaintext
https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/refs-and-the-reflog/the-reflog
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You can also refer to commits relative to another commit.
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The ~ character lets you reach parent commits.
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For example, the following displays the grandparent of HEAD:
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git show HEAD~2
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But, when working with merge commits, things get a little more complicated.
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Since merge commits have more than one parent, there is more than one path that you can follow.
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For 3-way merges, the first parent is from the branch that you were on when you performed the merge,
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and the second parent is from the branch that you passed to the git merge command.
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The ~ character will always follow the first parent of a merge commit.
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If you want to follow a different parent, you need to specify which one with the ^ character.
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For example, if HEAD is a merge commit, the following returns the second parent of HEAD.
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git show HEAD^2
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You can use more than one ^ character to move more than one generation.
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For instance, this displays the grandparent of HEAD (assuming it’s a merge commit) that rests on the second parent.
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git show HEAD^2^1
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To clarify how ~ and ^ work, the following figure shows you how to reach any commit from A using relative references.
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In some cases, there are multiple ways to reach a commit.
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A^2-1
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A^2^1 A^2
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-- O --- O --
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/ \
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O ---- O ---- O ----------- O
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A-3 A-2 A-1 A
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A^2-3 A^2-2 A^1
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Relative refs can be used with the same commands that a normal ref can be used.
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For example, all of the following commands use a relative reference:
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# Only list commits that are parent of the second parent of a merge commit
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git log HEAD^2
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# Remove the last 3 commits from the current branch
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git reset HEAD~3
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# Interactively rebase the last 3 commits on the current branch
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git rebase -i HEAD~3
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