Technique T0021: Memes

Summary: Memes are one of the most important single artefact types in all of computational propaganda. Memes in this framework denotes the narrow image-based definition. But that naming is no accident, as these items have most of the important properties of Dawkins' original conception as a self-replicating unit of culture. Memes pull together reference and commentary; image and narrative; emotion and message. Memes are a powerful tool and the heart of modern influence campaigns.
Belongs to tactic stage: TA06

Incident	Descriptions given for this incident
I00005 Brexit vote	Memes... anti-immigration; euroskepticism; fear, outrage, conspiracy narratives
I00017 US presidential elections	Memes... anti-immigration; euroskepticism; fear, outrage, conspiracy narratives
I00042 Saudi/Qatar bot dispute	memes
I00056 Iran Influence Operations	Memes... anti-Isreal/USA/West, conspiracy narratives

Counters	Response types
C00008 Create shared fact-checking database	D4 Degrade
C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news	D2 Deny
C00012 Platform regulation	D2 Deny
C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database	D4 Degrade
C00016 Censorship	D2 Deny
C00027 Create culture of civility	D7 Deter
C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups	D4 Degrade
C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended	D2 Deny
C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training	D2 Deny
C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content	D2 Deny
C00076 Prohibit images in political discourse channels	D2 Deny
C00085 Mute content	D3 Disrupt
C00107 Content moderation	D2 Deny
C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people	D4 Degrade
C00118 Repurpose images with new text	D4 Degrade
C00119 Engage payload and debunk.	D7 Deter
C00122 Content moderation	D2 Deny
C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private	D7 Deter
C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives	D3 Disrupt

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