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# Critical Thinking Course
# Become a [Critical Thinker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Critical_thinking_skills)
## Learn [Critical Thinking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Critical_thinking) from a [Free Thinking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Freethought) [Skeptic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Skepticism)
**[Sapere aude](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapere_aude)**:
> Sapere aude is the Latin phrase meaning "Dare to know"; and also is loosely translated as "Have courage to use your own reason", "Dare to know things through reason", or even more loosely as "Dare to be wise". Originally used in the First Book of Letters (20 BC), by the Roman poet Horace, the phrase Sapere aude became associated with the Age of Enlightenment, during the 17th and 18th centuries, after Immanuel Kant used it in the essay "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" (1784). As a philosopher, Kant claimed the phrase Sapere aude as the motto for the entire period of the Enlightenment, and used it to develop his theories of the application of reason in the public sphere of human affairs.
**Bertrand Russall's Three Passions**:
> Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
> I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.
> With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.
> Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.
> This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
**Richard Feynman**
> “The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool.”
> “I learned very early the difference between knowing the name of something and knowing something.”
> “I think it's much more interesting to live not knowing than to have answers which might be wrong. I have approximate answers and possible beliefs and different degrees of uncertainty about different things, but I am not absolutely sure of anything and there are many things I don't know anything about, such as whether it means anything to ask why we're here. I don't have to know an answer. I don't feel frightened not knowing things, by being lost in a mysterious universe without any purpose, which is the way it really is as far as I can tell.”
> “I would rather have questions that can't be answered than answers that can't be questioned.”
> “I think it's much more interesting to live not knowing than to have answers which might be wrong.”
> “What I cannot create, I do not understand.”
**voltaire**
> “Those who can make you believe absurdities, can make you commit atrocities.”
<details><summary><h2>Useful External Resources to Consult</h2></summary>
- [Introductory Critical Thinking](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE2A771BBA7773B62)
- [Critical Thinking](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSvsx8116eZiEj6UHvGoNZ8-YKmhatNCS)
- [Practical Reason](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSvsx8116eZjiLMHpa5TZZHMUIzCsvkTS)
## My Own Blogs
1. [Critical Thinking Academy](https://thecriticalthinkingacademy.blogspot.com/?m=1)
2. [The Critical Thinking Academy](https://thecriticalthinkingacademy.com/)
3. [Medium Blog](https://medium.com/@ajfontana78)
## Some Blogs and Websites I Like
1. [The Ethical Skeptic](https://theethicalskeptic.com/)
2. [Daily Philosophy](https://daily-philosophy.com/)
3. [Human Truth Foundation](http://www.humantruth.info/)
4. [Stefan Schubert](https://stefanfschubert.com/)
5. [Practical Ethics](https://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/)
6. [Effectiviology](https://effectiviology.com/)
7. [Science or Not?](https://scienceornot.net/)
8. [Understanding Evolution](https://evolution.berkeley.edu/)
9. [Science Based Medicine](https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/)
10. [Less Wrong](https://www.lesswrong.com/)
11. [Street Epistemology](https://streetepistemology.com/)
12. [FS Blog](https://fs.blog/)
13. [Dr. Andreas Mitthias](https://andreasmatthias.com/blog/index.html)
14. [Rock Roderick](http://rickroderick.org/)
15. [Brain Inspired Podcast](https://braininspired.co/podcast/)
16. [Z Statistics](https://www.zstatistics.com/)
17. [Religion for Breakfast](https://religionforbreakfast.com/)
18. [Rosa Rubicondior](https://rosarubicondior.blogspot.com/?m=1)
19. [Humes Apprentice](https://skepticink.com/humesapprentice/)
20. [Skeptic Podcast](https://www.skeptic.com/)
21. [Skeptophilia](https://www.skeptophilia.com/?m=1)
22. [Skeptical Inquirer](https://skepticalinquirer.org/)
23. [Good Thinking Society](https://goodthinkingsociety.org/)
24. [Neurologica](https://theness.com/neurologicablog/)
25. [Sandwalk: Skeptical Biochemist](https://sandwalk.blogspot.com/?m=1)
26. [Skeptical Science](https://www.skeptical-science.com/)
27. [The Daily Skeptic](https://dailysceptic.org/)
28. [The Australian Skeptic](https://www.skeptics.com.au/)
29. [Skeptical Science](https://skepticalscience.com/)
30. [The Skeptic: Reason with Compassion](https://www.skeptic.org.uk/)
31. [Marginal Revolution](https://marginalrevolution.com/)
32. [Econ Lib Blog](https://www.econlib.org/econlog/)
33. [Naked Capitalism](https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/)
34. [Econbrowser](http://econbrowser.com/)
35. [Greg Mankiw](https://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/)
36. [Error Statistics](https://errorstatistics.com/)
37. [Free Range Stats](http://freerangestats.info/)
38. [Freakonometrics](https://freakonometrics.hypotheses.org/)
39. [Doing Bayesian Data Analysis](http://doingbayesiandataanalysis.blogspot.com/?m=1)
40. [Econometrics Blog](https://www.econometrics.blog/)
41. [Econometrics Beat: Dave Giles' Blog](https://davegiles.blogspot.com/?m=1)
42. [Data Analytics Blog](https://www.aptech.com/blog/category/econometrics/)
43. [Stata Blog](https://blog.stata.com/)
44. [Hyndsight](https://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/)
45. [Econometric Sense](https://econometricsense.blogspot.com/?m=1)
46. [Mostly Harmless Econometrics Blog](https://www.mostlyharmlesseconometrics.com/blog/)
47. [Climate Econometrics Blog](https://www.climateeconometrics.org/category/researchblog/)
48. [Lars P. Syll Blog](https://larspsyll.wordpress.com/)
49. [Thinking Is Power](https://thinkingispower.com/)
50. [Massimo Pigliucci](https://massimopigliucci.org/)
51. [Center for Applied Rationality](https://www.rationality.org/)
52. [Imperfect Cognitions](http://imperfectcognitions.blogspot.com/)
53. [The Decision Lab](https://thedecisionlab.com/)
54. [The Systems Thinker](https://thesystemsthinker.com/)
55. [Networks and Systems](https://petterhol.me/blog/)
56. [Systems Thinking](https://se-scholar.com/se-blog/category/Systems+Thinking)
57. [Evaluation](http://mandeblog.blogspot.com/)
58. [Duncan Watts](https://duncanjwatts.com/)
59. [ISSS](https://www.isss.org/home/)
60. [Sense Sensibility & Science](https://sensesensibilityscience.berkeley.edu/)
61. [Experimental Philosophy](http://experimental-philosophy.yale.edu/)
62. [Causal Analysis in Theory and Practice](http://causality.cs.ucla.edu/blog/)
63. [The Information Philosopher](https://www.informationphilosopher.com/)
64. [New Savanna](https://new-savanna.blogspot.com/)
65. [UC Berkeley Stats and Critical Thinking](https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~stark/SticiGui/Text/toc.htm)
66. [Global Center for Religious Research](https://www.gcrr.org/)
67. [System Dynamics](https://systemdynamics.org/)
68. [Positivism: Secular, Social, Scientific](http://positivists.org/blog/welcome)
69. [Statistics How To](https://www.statisticshowto.com/)
70. [Mythology Matters](https://mythologymatters.wordpress.com/)
71. [Closer to Truth](https://closertotruth.com/)
72. [Computational Social Dynamics](https://picsolab.github.io/)
73. [Computational Social Science Lab](https://dgarcia.eu/)
74. [Big Book of R](https://www.bigbookofr.com/index.html)
75. [Reason](https://reason.com/)
76. [Alicia Juarrero](https://aliciajuarrerodotcom1.wordpress.com/)
77. [European_Council_of_Skeptical_Organisations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Council_of_Skeptical_Organisations) and [website](https://www.ecso.org/)
78. [The European Skeptics Podcast](https://theesp.eu/)
79. [Skepsis](https://skepsis.nl/english/)
80. [List of Skeptical Organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skeptical_organizations)
81. [Ordinary Philosophy](https://ordinaryphilosophy.com/)
82. [Bible and Archeology](https://bam.sites.uiowa.edu/)
83. [New England Complex Systems Institute](https://necsi.edu/)
84. [Sean H. Rice](https://www.depts.ttu.edu/biology/people/Faculty/Rice/home/)
85. [Markula Center for Applied Ethics](https://www.scu.edu/ethics/)
86. [The Decision Lab](https://thedecisionlab.com/)
87. [EconLib](https://www.econlib.org/)
88. [Jack Miller Center](https://jackmillercenter.org/)
89. [Stephenson Institute](https://www.wabash.edu/stephenson-institute/)
90. [Rising Entropy](https://risingentropy.com/)
91. [Anarchy Archives](http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/index.html)
92. [Harry Crane](http://www.harrycrane.com/)
93. [Handbook of Engineering Statistics](https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/index.htm)
94. [Complexity Sciences Center](https://csc.ucdavis.edu/Welcome.html)
95. [Software Engineering Institute](https://www.sei.cmu.edu/)
96. [Society of Research Software Engineering](https://society-rse.org/)
97. [MIT Institute for Data Systems and Society](https://idss.mit.edu/research/)
98. [Decision Science Institute](https://decisionsciences.org/)
99. [UseOfReason](https://useofreason.wordpress.com/)
100. [Philosophical Disquotations](https://philosophicaldisquisitions.blogspot.com/p/about.html?m=1)
101. [Objectivism in Depth](https://objectivismindepth.com/)
102. [Christopher Hitchcock](https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-hitchcock)
103. [Adam Smith Works](https://www.adamsmithworks.org/)
104. [Philosophy, Engineering, and Technology](https://philosophyengineering.com/)
105. [thephilosopher1923](https://www.thephilosopher1923.org/)
106. [Concepts and Cognition Lab](https://cognition.princeton.edu/)
107. [Developing Belief Network](https://www.developingbelief.com/)
108. [Religion News](https://religionnews.com/)
109. [thebehavioralscientist](https://www.thebehavioralscientist.com/)
110. [Decision Sciences Institute](https://decisionsciences.org/)
111. [Eric Aldrich](http://ealdrich.com/)
</details>

158
course_outline/README.md
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@ -1,157 +1 @@
# Become a [Critical Thinker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Critical_thinking_skills)
**[Sapere aude](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapere_aude)**:
> Sapere aude is the Latin phrase meaning "Dare to know"; and also is loosely translated as "Have courage to use your own reason", "Dare to know things through reason", or even more loosely as "Dare to be wise". Originally used in the First Book of Letters (20 BC), by the Roman poet Horace, the phrase Sapere aude became associated with the Age of Enlightenment, during the 17th and 18th centuries, after Immanuel Kant used it in the essay "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" (1784). As a philosopher, Kant claimed the phrase Sapere aude as the motto for the entire period of the Enlightenment, and used it to develop his theories of the application of reason in the public sphere of human affairs.
**Bertrand Russall's Three Passions**:
> Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
> I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.
> With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.
> Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.
> This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
**Richard Feynman**
> “The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool.”
> “I learned very early the difference between knowing the name of something and knowing something.”
> “I think it's much more interesting to live not knowing than to have answers which might be wrong. I have approximate answers and possible beliefs and different degrees of uncertainty about different things, but I am not absolutely sure of anything and there are many things I don't know anything about, such as whether it means anything to ask why we're here. I don't have to know an answer. I don't feel frightened not knowing things, by being lost in a mysterious universe without any purpose, which is the way it really is as far as I can tell.”
> “I would rather have questions that can't be answered than answers that can't be questioned.”
> “I think it's much more interesting to live not knowing than to have answers which might be wrong.”
> “What I cannot create, I do not understand.”
**voltaire**
> “Those who can make you believe absurdities, can make you commit atrocities.”
## Learn [Critical Thinking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Critical_thinking) from a [Free Thinking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Freethought) [Skeptic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Skepticism)
- [Introductory Critical Thinking](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE2A771BBA7773B62)
- [Critical Thinking](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSvsx8116eZiEj6UHvGoNZ8-YKmhatNCS)
- [Practical Reason](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSvsx8116eZjiLMHpa5TZZHMUIzCsvkTS)
## My Own Blogs
1. [Critical Thinking Academy](https://thecriticalthinkingacademy.blogspot.com/?m=1)
2. [The Critical Thinking Academy](https://thecriticalthinkingacademy.com/)
3. [Medium Blog](https://medium.com/@ajfontana78)
## Some Blogs and Websites I Like
1. [The Ethical Skeptic](https://theethicalskeptic.com/)
2. [Daily Philosophy](https://daily-philosophy.com/)
3. [Human Truth Foundation](http://www.humantruth.info/)
4. [Stefan Schubert](https://stefanfschubert.com/)
5. [Practical Ethics](https://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/)
6. [Effectiviology](https://effectiviology.com/)
7. [Science or Not?](https://scienceornot.net/)
8. [Understanding Evolution](https://evolution.berkeley.edu/)
9. [Science Based Medicine](https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/)
10. [Less Wrong](https://www.lesswrong.com/)
11. [Street Epistemology](https://streetepistemology.com/)
12. [FS Blog](https://fs.blog/)
13. [Dr. Andreas Mitthias](https://andreasmatthias.com/blog/index.html)
14. [Rock Roderick](http://rickroderick.org/)
15. [Brain Inspired Podcast](https://braininspired.co/podcast/)
16. [Z Statistics](https://www.zstatistics.com/)
17. [Religion for Breakfast](https://religionforbreakfast.com/)
18. [Rosa Rubicondior](https://rosarubicondior.blogspot.com/?m=1)
19. [Humes Apprentice](https://skepticink.com/humesapprentice/)
20. [Skeptic Podcast](https://www.skeptic.com/)
21. [Skeptophilia](https://www.skeptophilia.com/?m=1)
22. [Skeptical Inquirer](https://skepticalinquirer.org/)
23. [Good Thinking Society](https://goodthinkingsociety.org/)
24. [Neurologica](https://theness.com/neurologicablog/)
25. [Sandwalk: Skeptical Biochemist](https://sandwalk.blogspot.com/?m=1)
26. [Skeptical Science](https://www.skeptical-science.com/)
27. [The Daily Skeptic](https://dailysceptic.org/)
28. [The Australian Skeptic](https://www.skeptics.com.au/)
29. [Skeptical Science](https://skepticalscience.com/)
30. [The Skeptic: Reason with Compassion](https://www.skeptic.org.uk/)
31. [Marginal Revolution](https://marginalrevolution.com/)
32. [Econ Lib Blog](https://www.econlib.org/econlog/)
33. [Naked Capitalism](https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/)
34. [Econbrowser](http://econbrowser.com/)
35. [Greg Mankiw](https://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/)
36. [Error Statistics](https://errorstatistics.com/)
37. [Free Range Stats](http://freerangestats.info/)
38. [Freakonometrics](https://freakonometrics.hypotheses.org/)
39. [Doing Bayesian Data Analysis](http://doingbayesiandataanalysis.blogspot.com/?m=1)
40. [Econometrics Blog](https://www.econometrics.blog/)
41. [Econometrics Beat: Dave Giles' Blog](https://davegiles.blogspot.com/?m=1)
42. [Data Analytics Blog](https://www.aptech.com/blog/category/econometrics/)
43. [Stata Blog](https://blog.stata.com/)
44. [Hyndsight](https://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/)
45. [Econometric Sense](https://econometricsense.blogspot.com/?m=1)
46. [Mostly Harmless Econometrics Blog](https://www.mostlyharmlesseconometrics.com/blog/)
47. [Climate Econometrics Blog](https://www.climateeconometrics.org/category/researchblog/)
48. [Lars P. Syll Blog](https://larspsyll.wordpress.com/)
49. [Thinking Is Power](https://thinkingispower.com/)
50. [Massimo Pigliucci](https://massimopigliucci.org/)
51. [Center for Applied Rationality](https://www.rationality.org/)
52. [Imperfect Cognitions](http://imperfectcognitions.blogspot.com/)
53. [The Decision Lab](https://thedecisionlab.com/)
54. [The Systems Thinker](https://thesystemsthinker.com/)
55. [Networks and Systems](https://petterhol.me/blog/)
56. [Systems Thinking](https://se-scholar.com/se-blog/category/Systems+Thinking)
57. [Evaluation](http://mandeblog.blogspot.com/)
58. [Duncan Watts](https://duncanjwatts.com/)
59. [ISSS](https://www.isss.org/home/)
60. [Sense Sensibility & Science](https://sensesensibilityscience.berkeley.edu/)
61. [Experimental Philosophy](http://experimental-philosophy.yale.edu/)
62. [Causal Analysis in Theory and Practice](http://causality.cs.ucla.edu/blog/)
63. [The Information Philosopher](https://www.informationphilosopher.com/)
64. [New Savanna](https://new-savanna.blogspot.com/)
65. [UC Berkeley Stats and Critical Thinking](https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~stark/SticiGui/Text/toc.htm)
66. [Global Center for Religious Research](https://www.gcrr.org/)
67. [System Dynamics](https://systemdynamics.org/)
68. [Positivism: Secular, Social, Scientific](http://positivists.org/blog/welcome)
69. [Statistics How To](https://www.statisticshowto.com/)
70. [Mythology Matters](https://mythologymatters.wordpress.com/)
71. [Closer to Truth](https://closertotruth.com/)
72. [Computational Social Dynamics](https://picsolab.github.io/)
73. [Computational Social Science Lab](https://dgarcia.eu/)
74. [Big Book of R](https://www.bigbookofr.com/index.html)
75. [Reason](https://reason.com/)
76. [Alicia Juarrero](https://aliciajuarrerodotcom1.wordpress.com/)
77. [European_Council_of_Skeptical_Organisations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Council_of_Skeptical_Organisations) and [website](https://www.ecso.org/)
78. [The European Skeptics Podcast](https://theesp.eu/)
79. [Skepsis](https://skepsis.nl/english/)
80. [List of Skeptical Organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skeptical_organizations)
81. [Ordinary Philosophy](https://ordinaryphilosophy.com/)
82. [Bible and Archeology](https://bam.sites.uiowa.edu/)
83. [New England Complex Systems Institute](https://necsi.edu/)
84. [Sean H. Rice](https://www.depts.ttu.edu/biology/people/Faculty/Rice/home/)
85. [Markula Center for Applied Ethics](https://www.scu.edu/ethics/)
86. [The Decision Lab](https://thedecisionlab.com/)
87. [EconLib](https://www.econlib.org/)
88. [Jack Miller Center](https://jackmillercenter.org/)
89. [Stephenson Institute](https://www.wabash.edu/stephenson-institute/)
90. [Rising Entropy](https://risingentropy.com/)
91. [Anarchy Archives](http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/index.html)
92. [Harry Crane](http://www.harrycrane.com/)
93. [Handbook of Engineering Statistics](https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/index.htm)
94. [Complexity Sciences Center](https://csc.ucdavis.edu/Welcome.html)
95. [Software Engineering Institute](https://www.sei.cmu.edu/)
96. [Society of Research Software Engineering](https://society-rse.org/)
97. [MIT Institute for Data Systems and Society](https://idss.mit.edu/research/)
98. [Decision Science Institute](https://decisionsciences.org/)
99. [UseOfReason](https://useofreason.wordpress.com/)
100. [Philosophical Disquotations](https://philosophicaldisquisitions.blogspot.com/p/about.html?m=1)
101. [Objectivism in Depth](https://objectivismindepth.com/)
102. [Christopher Hitchcock](https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-hitchcock)
103. [Adam Smith Works](https://www.adamsmithworks.org/)
104. [Philosophy, Engineering, and Technology](https://philosophyengineering.com/)
105. [thephilosopher1923](https://www.thephilosopher1923.org/)
106. [Concepts and Cognition Lab](https://cognition.princeton.edu/)
107. [Developing Belief Network](https://www.developingbelief.com/)
108. [Religion News](https://religionnews.com/)
109. [thebehavioralscientist](https://www.thebehavioralscientist.com/)
110. [Decision Sciences Institute](https://decisionsciences.org/)
111. [Eric Aldrich](http://ealdrich.com/)
# Outline and Description of Contents