critical-thinking/course_outline/course12-Philosophy/README.md

Philosophical Concepts

1. Conceptual Distinctions
2. Conceptual Systems
3. Philosophical Arguments
4. Philosophical Methodology
5. Concepts in Metaphysics
6. Principles

Classics

1. Aristotles Classics
2. Plato
3. Socrates

Traditions, Movements, and Theories

1. Information Philosophy
2. Rationalism vs Empiricism
3. Analytical Philosophy
4. Logical_positivism
5. Pragmatism
6. Empiricism
7. Theories of Meaning
8. Nihilism
9. Computational Philosophy
10. Philosophy of Mind
11. Philosophical Interpretation
12. Thought Experiments and Thought Experiments in Philosophy
13. Philosophical Schools of Thought
14. Philosophical Traditions
15. Philosophical Movements
16. Philosophical Theories

Categories of Philosophy

1. Epistemology
   • Epistemological_theories
   • Justification
   • Concepts_in_epistemology
   • Foundationalism
   • Epistemology_of_science
   • Empiricism
   • Rationalism
   • Evidentialism
   • Coherentism Theories
   • Epistemic Closure
   • Analysis of Knowledge
   • Verificationism
   • Formal
   • Social Epistemology
   • Bayesian Epistemology
   • Constructive Empiricism
   • Münchhausen trilemma
   • Fallibilism
   • Epistemic Paradoxes
   • Skepticism
   • Theories of Truth
   • Truth Values
2. Ontology
   • Applied Ontology
   • Mereology
3. Metaphysics
   • The Metaphysics Project
4. Philosophy of Language
   • Meaning
   • Formal Semantics
   • Semantics
5. Cognitive Science
6. Pragmaticism
7. Semiotics
8. Philosophy of Science
9. Linguistic Pragmatics
10. Concepts
11. Skepticism

List of Concepts

1. Events
2. Properties
3. Platonism
4. Teleology
5. Argumentation & Reasoning
6. Types & Tokens
7. Occams Razor
8. Argument From Ignorance
9. Reductio Ad Absurdum
10. Fact-Value
11. Is-Ought
12. Principle of Charity
13. Map-Territory
14. Allegory of the Cave
15. Statistical Syllogism
16. Just World Hypothesis
17. A priori A Posteriori
18. Humes Fork
19. Analytic - Synthetic
20. Potentiality vs Actuality
21. Essence
22. Monotonicity of Entailment
23. Difference
24. Abstract vs Concrete
25. Kantian Categories
26. Dualism
27. Kantian Metaphysics
28. State of Affairs
29. Facts & Knowledge
30. Vacuous Truth
31. Necessity and Sufficiency
32. Dichotomies
33. Principle of Sufficient Reason
34. Belief Revision
35. transcendental arguments
36. Objectivity
37. Philosophical Razors
38. Contingency
39. Genus - Differentia
40. Abstract Objects
41. Existence_precedes_essence
42. Conceptualism vs Non-Conceptualism
43. Concepts
44. Realist vs Anti-Realist
    • Realism
    • Philosophical Realism
45. Mediaval Problem of Universals
46. Dispositions
47. Intrinsic vs Extrinsic
48. Determinate and Determinables
49. Vagueness
50. Monism
    • Materialism
51. Nominalism
52. Naturalism
53. Idealism
54. Tropes
55. Particulars
56. Objects: Category of Objects and Fictional Entities
57. Substance
58. Categories
59. Essential vs Accidental
60. Relations
61. Process Philosophy
62. Fundamentality
63. Temporal Parts
64. Problem of the Many
65. Sorites Paradox
66. Gettier Problem
67. Meaning
68. Aristotle Causality
69. Possible Worlds
70. Ghost in the Machine
71. Ontological Commitment
72. Supervenience
73. Philosophical Zombies
74. Quantifiers
75. Mathematical Mapping
76. Logical Connective
77. Kripke Semantics
78. Aristotle on Non Contradiction
79. Symbol Grounding Problem
80. Descartes Rejection of Aristotelianism
81. Action Theory
82. Thought Experiment
83. Hermeneutics
84. Free Will
    • Indeterminism
    • Randomness
    • Determinism
    • Incompatibilism Theories
    • Compatibalism
    • Uncertainty
    • Agency
    • Libertarianism
    • Philosophy of Action
85. Hypothetical Impertive
86. Categorical Imperitive
87. Sophisttry
88. Critique_of_the_Kantian_Philosophy
89. Instrumental Rationality
90. Instrumental_and_value_rationality
91. Information
92. Philosophy of Information
93. Unobservable
94. Anti Realism
95. Qualia: The Knowledge Argument
96. Intersubjectivity
97. Other Minds
98. Sorites Paradox
99. Descartes Method
100. Kantian Category and Aristotelian Categories
101. Deconstruction
102. Implicature
103. Mental Causation
104. Scientific Realism
105. Rationalism
106. Bounded Rationality
107. Chinese Room
108. Propositional Attitude
109. Vienna Circle
110. Sense and Reference
111. Essentialism
112. Hegelian Dialectics and Dialectical Forms
113. Panpsychism
114. Quine–Putnam indispensability argument
115. Benacerrafs Identification Problem
116. Underdetermination
117. Raven Paradox
118. De Dicto - De Re
119. Problem of the Criterion
120. Incompleteness Theorems
121. No Free Lunch Theorem
122. Underdetermination
123. Correspondence Theory of Truth
124. Universal Constructor
125. Impossibility Theorem
126. Self Reference
127. Self Referential Paradoxes
128. Deflationary Theory of Truth
129. Conways Game of Life
130. Computational Irreducibility
131. Church Turing Thesis
132. Self Replicating Machine
133. Self Organization
134. Felicity Conditions
135. Mills Methods
136. Pragmatic_maxim
137. Truthmakers and Truthmaker_theory
138. Basic Belief
139. Collective Consciousness
140. Aberrant_decoding
141. Context_principle
142. Deixis
143. Principle_of_humanity
144. Precautionary_principle
145. Cooperative_principle
146. Straw Man
147. Meme
148. Metanarrative
149. Social Norm
150. Paradigm
151. Theory of Everything
152. Worldview
153. Qualia
154. Harm Principle
155. Gettier Problem
156. Contextualism
157. Problem_of_the_criterion
158. Ship of Theseus
159. Moravecs Paradox
160. Mental Causation
161. The pairing problem
162. Qualia: Knowledge Argument against Physicalism
163. Prototype Theory
164. Archetype
165. Postmodernism
166. Causation in Physics
167. Natural Philosophy
168. Luthers Inluence on Philosophy
169. Relevance Theory
170. Ataraxia and Apatheia and Euthymia
171. Social Contract
172. Quietism
173. Hypothetico-Deductive Model
174. Romanticism_in_philosophy

Philosophers

Ancient Greece and Rome

1. Ancient_Greek_philosophy
2. Presocratic_philosophy
3. Hellenistic_philosophy
4. Pyrrhonism
5. Hellenistic_period
6. Gorgias
7. Epilogism
8. Milesian School
9. Eleatic School
10. Atomism
11. Epicureanism
    • Epicurean Philosophers
12. Stoicism

Classical and Presocratic Philosophers

1. Sextus Empiricus
2. Zeno Elea
3. PreSocratics
4. Democritus
5. Epicurus
   • epicurus website
   • epicurism
   • epicurusphilosophy
   • newepicurean
6. Lucretius
7. parmenides
8. Protagoras
9. Socrates
10. Plato
11. Aristotle
12. Carneades
13. Cicero
14. Parmenides
15. Heraclitus
16. Pyrrho
17. Thucydides
18. Plutarch
19. Herodotus
20. Pre Socratic Philosophy
21. Cyrenaics
22. Thales of Miletus
23. Xenophanes
24. Lucretius
25. Leucippus
26. Euhemerus
27. Anaxagoras
28. Aristippus
29. Hypatia
30. Marcus_Aurelius
31. Diagoras of Melos
32. Theodorus of Cyrene
33. Archytas
34. Anaxagoras
35. Archelaus
36. Xenophon
37. Polybius
38. Epictetus

Historical Information

1. Alexander the Great
2. Greece in Roman Era
3. Ancient Rome
4. Roman Republic
5. Roman Kingdom

Ancient Chinese Philosophy

1. Confucius
   • Neo Confucianism
   • Four_Books_and_Five_Classics
   • Confucian Thought
   • Confucianism
2. Chinese_logicians
   • School of Names
3. Mohism
   • Mozi
4. Legalism
   • Shen Buhai
5. Yangism
6. Taoist Schools
   • Laozi
7. School of Diplomacy
8. Sun Tzu
9. Xunzi
10. Hundred_Schools_of_Thought
11. Classical Thought
12. Philosophers by Century

Ancient Indian Philosophy

1. Ajita Kesakambali
2. Sanjaya Belatthiputta
3. Ajñana
4. Upanishads
5. Charvaka
6. Pakudha Kaccayana
7. Makkhali Gosala
8. Purana Kassapa
9. Nagarjuna
10. Jayarāśi
11. Śrīharṣa

Medieval and Scholasticism

1. Ockham
2. Aquinas
3. Augustine
4. Duns Scotus
5. Christian Philosophy
6. Aristotelianism
7. Neoplatonism
8. Platonism
9. Islamic Philosophy

• Movements
  • Thomism
  • Augustinianism
  • Cartesianism
  • Molinism
  • Occamism
  • School_of_Salamanca
  • Scotism
  • Neo Scholasticism

Enlightenment and Renaissance

1. Mill
2. Locke
3. Bentham
4. Adam Smith
5. Bacon
6. Berkeley
7. Libertarian Thinkers
8. Machiavelli
9. Bayes
10. Descartes
11. David Hume
12. Kant
13. Burke
14. Spinoza
15. Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi
16. Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz
17. Pierre Bayle
18. Jean Baptiste Say
19. Giordano Bruno
20. Pascal
21. Gauss
22. Juana Inés de la Cruz
23. Giambattista_Vico
24. Thomas Browne
25. Pierre_Gassendi
26. Marsilio Ficino
27. Gemistos_Plethon
28. David Ricardo
29. Thomas Jefferson
30. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Counter Enlightenment
  • Counter-Enlightenment
  • Age_of_Enlightenment
  • Anti Intellectualism
  • Dialectic_of_Enlightenment

18th-19th Century

1. Hegel
2. Arthur_Schopenhauer
3. Husserl
4. Marx
5. Friedrich_Nietzsche
6. Frege
7. Kierkegaard
8. Ludwig Feuerbach
9. Schutz
10. Kierkegaard)
11. Freud
12. Burke
13. Thomas Reid
14. Mary_Wollstonecraft
15. Comte
16. Henry Sidgwick
17. Alfred Marshall
18. Carl Menger
19. George Boole
20. Augustus De Morgan
21. William Stanley Jevons
22. Leon Walras
23. Joseph_Schumpeter
24. Durkheim
25. Max Weber
26. Herbert Spencer
27. Malthus
28. Charles Fourier
29. Vilfredo Pareto
30. Carl Jung

19th-20th Century

1. Peirce
2. William James
3. Ludwig_Wittgenstein
4. feyerabend
5. Imre_Lakatos
6. Bertrand Russell
7. Ayn Rand
8. Vienna Circle
9. AJ Ayer
10. Keynes
11. Quine
12. Carnap
13. Putnam
14. Tarski
15. Whitehead
16. Thomas Kuhn
17. C.I. Lewis
18. Gilbert Ryle
19. John Dewey
20. F.P. Strawson
21. Thomas Nagel
22. Paul Grice
23. Popper
24. William James
25. Wilfrid Sellars
26. Frank Ramsey
27. Irving Fisher
28. Hayek
29. Wassily_Leontief
30. Bernard Williams

20th Century-Present

1. Douglas Walton
   • papers
2. Bernard Williams
3. Leo Strauss
4. Stephen Toulmin
5. John Pollock
6. Rawls
7. Daniel Dennett
8. Gilbert_Harman
9. Paul Thagard
10. Wilfred Sellers
11. Hilary Putnam
12. Brian Skyrms
13. Arthur Fine
14. Ian Hacking
15. Kripke
16. J. L. Austin
17. Donald Davidson
18. Bas C. van Fraassen
19. Nancy_Cartwright
20. reichenbach
21. P. F. Strawson
22. John Searle
23. Nick Bostrom
24. Anthony Kenny
25. G.E.M Anscombe
26. David Chalmers
27. Emmanuel Levinas
28. David Chalmers
29. Hannah Arendt
30. Kenneth Burke
31. Rebecca Goldstein
32. Hilary_Putnam
33. Stanislaw Ulam
34. Andrey_Markov
35. Richard Feynman
36. Von Neumann
37. Christopher Hitchcock research
38. Bas_van_Fraassen
39. Kevin Scharp
40. George Santayana
41. Umberto Eco
42. Jean-François Lyotard
43. Jacques Lacan
44. Isaiah Berlin

Understanding Marxism

1. Marxist Theory
2. Marxist Schools of Thought
3. Influences on Karl Marx
4. Western Marxism
5. Marxist Philosophy
6. Marxist Historiography
7. Historical and Dialectical Materialism
   • Base and Superstructure
8. Prison Notebooks
9. Reification

Key People

• Antonio Gramsci
• Louis Althusser
• Frankfurt School and Critical Theory
• Gyorgy Lukacs
• Georges Sorel