interference2020-Data/DFRLab_interference2020.csv

1	timestamp	case_hash	case_id	source_subcategory	source	source_for_display	source_for_query	source_nation	source_category	disinformant	disinformant_for_query	disinformant_nation	disinformant_nation_for_query	disinformant_attribution	add_query_terms	short_title	short_description	attribution_url	archived_attribution_url	image_url	image_credit	open_web	social_media	messaging_platforms	other	start_date	end_date	attribution_date	methods	facebook_engagement	twitter_engagement	reddit_engagement	total_engagement	article_count	attribution_financial_incentive	attribution_financial_transparency	attribution_endorse_political	attribution_campaign_affiliation	attribution_published_mis_disinfo	attribution_credibility_score	attribution_language	attribution_convey_content	attribution_factual_argument	attribution_objectivity_score	attribution_clarity	attribution_context	attribution_identified_responsibility	attribution_strategic_rationale	attribution_privileged_evidence	attribution_evidence_score	attribution_open_access	attribution_methodology	attribution_open_source	attribution_acknowledge_limitations	attribution_corroboration	attribution_transparency_score	credibility_score	attribution_total_score	tags
2	6/15/2020 18:38:27	IAE7CREQ	Russia >> United States 2016		NBC News			United States	Media	Internet Research Agency	USAIRA.ru	Russia		Direct Attribution		NBC: Russia Responsible for Fake Disinformation Campaign	NBC examined a website linked to Russia's Internet Research Agency, which announced that it had undertaken a massive operation against the 2018 U.S. midterm election. "Whether you vote or not, there is no difference as we control the voting and counting systems," the website declared. NBC could find no evidence that the operation existed.	https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/russian-troll-farm-set-elaborate-social-media-trap-midterms-no-n933781	https://web.archive.org/web/20200615223555/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/russian-troll-farm-set-elaborate-social-media-trap-midterms-no-n933781	https://media2.s-nbcnews.com/j/newscms/2018_15/2228976/171116-google-street-view-internet-research-agency-russia-ew-1114a_1baabf71c3a69e02c66a474b203cc7ce.fit-560w.jpg	Google Street View/NBC	"Junk News" Website	Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube			11/1/2016	11/6/2018	11/7/2018	Sockpuppets	1078	357	319	1754	7	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	0	0	0	1	1	2	8	14
3	6/17/2020 20:32:22	QHVF6C7V	Russia >> United States	Senior U.S. Official	Defense Secretary James Mattis			United States	Government			Russia		Direct Attribution		Mattis: Russia Attempted to Interfere in 2018 Election	Then-Secretary of Defense James Mattis confirmed in a Fox News interview that Russia had attempted to interfere in the 2018 U.S. midterm election. He did not specify further details.	https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/12/01/mattis-confirms-russia-interfered-in-us-midterm-elections-putin-trump/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200618002957/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/12/01/mattis-confirms-russia-interfered-in-us-midterm-elections-putin-trump/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/James_Mattis_official_Transition_portrait.jpg/480px-James_Mattis_official_Transition_portrait.jpg	Wikimedia							12/1/2018		36907	7514	40865	85286	13	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	9
4	4/28/2020 14:28:04	XBVGVN5V	Iran >> United States 2010		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	Iran		Iran		Direct Attribution	783	Facebook: Assets Linked to Iran	Facebook removed 783 pages, groups and accounts for coordinated inauthentic behavior tied to Iran. The accounts posted commentary on Israeli-Palestinian relations and the conflicts in Syria and Yemen, targeting audiences in the Middle East, Europe, and the United States and falsely portraying themselves as locals. Some pages had been active since 2010.	https://about.fb.com/news/2019/01/removing-cib-iran/	http://web.archive.org/web/20200425191628/https://about.fb.com/news/2019/01/removing-cib-iran/	https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/irancontentexample5-1.png?resize=506%2C434	Facebook		Facebook		FALSE	1/1/2010	1/31/2019	1/31/2019	Sockpuppets	19385	7418	1023	27826	115	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	1	3	7	15
5	5/4/2020 15:04:18	UCMQQ4SU	Iran >> United States 2016		Twitter			United States	Technology Company	Iran, Internet Research Agency, Venezuela		Iran, Russia, Venezuela		Direct Attribution, Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Twitter: Assets Linked to Iran, Russia, Venezuela	Twitter removed 2,617 malicious accounts that it believes may have originated in Iran, as well as 418 accounts from Russia that exhibited behavior similar to the Internet Research Agency. Twitter also removed 764 accounts located in Venezuela for a "foreign campaign of spammy content focused on divisive political themes."	https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/further_research_information_operations.html	http://web.archive.org/web/20200427201733/https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/further_research_information_operations.html	https://pixabay.com/get/57e2d1464c54af14f1dc8460da29317e153cdfed565271_640.jpg	Free-Photos/Pixabay		Twitter			8/1/2018	1/31/2019	1/31/2019	Sockpuppets, Botnets	9183	3472	788	13443	17	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	0	1	1	0	1	3	1	0	1	1	0	3	7	13
6	5/4/2020 15:17:09	4TVIMK7Y	Macedonia, Kosovo >> United States 2017		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	individuals		Macedonia, Kosovo		Non-Aligned Commercial Activity		Facebook: Assets Linked to Kosovo/Macedonia	Facebook removed 212 pages, groups and accounts originating in Macedonia and Kosovo for engaging in coordinated inauthentic behavior. The accounts ran pages claiming to represent political communities in Australia, the U.K. and the U.S., where they posted about topics like nationalism, Islam, and political figures. They also shared content on astrology, celebrities, and beauty.	https://about.fb.com/news/2019/03/cib-iran-russia-macedonia-kosovo/	http://web.archive.org/web/20200420063703/https://about.fb.com/news/2019/03/cib-iran-russia-macedonia-kosovo/	https://pixabay.com/get/57e7dc4b4a53ad14f1dc8460da29317e153cdfed545476_640.jpg	D1_TheOne/Pixabay		Facebook			1/1/2017	1/1/2017	3/26/2019	Sockpuppets	1487	214	2606	4307	24	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	1	3	7	15
7	5/4/2020 15:21:52	WI5CM5LF	Iran >> United States 2017		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	Iran		Iran		Direct Attribution	FireEye	Facebook: Assets Linked to Iran	Based on a tip from FireEye, Facebook removed 51 Facebook accounts, 36 pages, seven groups and three Instagram accounts involved in coordinated inauthentic behavior. The accounts originated in Iran and discussed topics like U.S. and British politics, U.S. secessionist movements, Islam, Arab minorities in Iran, and the influence of Saudi Arabia in the Middle East. The accounts also impersonated legitimate news organizations and attempted to contact authentic Instagram accounts.	https://about.fb.com/news/2019/05/removing-more-cib-from-iran/	http://web.archive.org/web/20200504192049/https://about.fb.com/news/2019/05/removing-more-cib-from-iran/	https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/5.28.19-samples.002.jpeg	Facebook		Facebook, Instagram			12/9/2015	5/28/2019	5/28/2019	Brigading, Sockpuppets	3748	1138	168	5054	24	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	0	1	4	0	1	0	1	1	3	7	14
8	5/4/2020 15:26:52	B3RT49PV	Iran >> United States 2018		Twitter			United States	Technology Company	Iran		Iran		Direct Attribution	accounts	Twitter: Assets Linked to Iran	Twitter removed more than 4,700 accounts associated with or directly backed by the Iranian government. The accounts tweeted news content with a pro-Iran perspective and engaged in conversations on Iran and Israel. In some cases, they appeared to engage with U.S. Twitter users.	https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/information-ops-on-twitter.html	http://web.archive.org/web/20200502004018/https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/information-ops-on-twitter.html	https://pixabay.com/get/54e6dc404853ac14f1dc8460da29317e153cdfec505473_640.jpg	jorono/Pixabay		Twitter			10/1/2018	6/13/2019	6/13/2019	Sockpuppets, Botnets	7311	4238	363	11912	95	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	0	1	2	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	1	0	4	6	14
9	6/16/2020 18:00:24	G7LNVVQF	Iran >> United States 2019		Microsoft			United States	Technology Company	Holmium, Mercury, Thallium, Yttrium, Strontium	Holmium Mercury, Thallium, Yttrium Strontium	Iran, North Korea, Russia		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Microsoft: Foreign Cyberattacks Target Election Security	Between August 2018 and July 2019, Microsoft notified 781 political campaigns, parties, and democracy-focused NGOs that their accounts were targeted by nation-state actors. The majority of these attacks originated in Iran, North Korea, and Russia, and 95% of them targeted U.S.-based organizations.	https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/07/17/new-cyberthreats-require-new-ways-to-protect-democracy/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200616215909/https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/07/17/new-cyberthreats-require-new-ways-to-protect-democracy/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Voting_United_States.jpg	Tom Arthur/Wikimedia				Email		7/16/2019	7/17/2019	Hacking - Data Exfiltration	11555	4493	1459	17507	152	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	0	1	2	0	1	0	0	0	1	7	10
10	5/6/2020 11:40:57	NNFS2A1Q	Russia >> United States 2018		Reddit			United States	Technology Company	Secondary Infektion	DELETE	Russia		Direct Attribution	leaks, Britain	Reddit: Assets Linked to Russia	Reddit banned 1 subreddit and 61 accounts for vote manipulation and misuse of the platform. These accounts were linked to “Secondary Infektion,” a global Russian disinformation campaign analyzed by Graphika, which built on an earlier report by the DFRLab.	https://www.reddit.com/r/redditsecurity/comments/e74nml/suspected_campaign_from_russia_on_reddit/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200503114319/https://www.reddit.com/r/redditsecurity/comments/e74nml/suspected_campaign_from_russia_on_reddit/	https://miro.medium.com/max/1900/1*YeUqtIshY8RSS1Trtlpdsw.jpeg	@KaranKanishk/DFRLab		Reddit			1/1/2018	7/22/2019	12/6/2019	Sockpuppets, Botnets	81944	26466	60462	168872	193	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	0	1	4	1	1	1	1	0	4	7	15
11	5/6/2020 15:40:23	72SHQDJ4	Thailand, Russia >> United States 2020		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	New Eastern Outlook		Thailand, Russia		Direct Attribution		Facebook: Assets Linked to Russia/Thailand	Facebook removed 12 accounts and 10 pages for coordinated inauthentic behavior. The accounts originated in Thailand and targeted Thailand and the U.S. The network used sockpuppet accounts to run pages, increase engagement, disseminate content, drive people to off-platform blogs posing as news outlets, and push divisive narratives on topics like Thai politics, U.S.-China relations, and protests in Hong Kong. This activity was linked to New Eastern Outlook, a Russian government-funded journal.	https://about.fb.com/news/2019/07/removing-cib-thailand-russia-ukraine-honduras/	http://web.archive.org/web/20200506193859/https://about.fb.com/news/2019/07/removing-cib-thailand-russia-ukraine-honduras/	https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/cib-2.png?resize=553%2C592	Facebook		Facebook				7/25/2020	7/25/2019	Sockpuppets	607	174	122	903	33	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	0	1	4	0	1	0	1	1	3	7	14
12	6/23/2020 16:18:08	E8YL4KIJ	Iran >> United States 2019		Microsoft			United States	Technology Company	Phosphorus		Iran		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Microsoft: Cyberattacks Linked to Iran Target 2020 Election	An Iranian hacker group made more than 2,700 attempts to identify the email accounts of current and former U.S. government officials, journalists covering political campaigns, and accounts associated with a presidential campaign during a 30-day period. The group then attacked 241 of these accounts.	https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/10/04/recent-cyberattacks-require-us-all-to-be-vigilant/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201118/https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/10/04/recent-cyberattacks-require-us-all-to-be-vigilant/	https://pixabay.com/get/55e3d1414c5baa14f1dc8460da29317e153cdfec555773_640.jpg	B_A/Pixabay				Email		9/30/2019	10/4/2019	Hacking - Data Exfiltration	84311	25884	22505	132700	324	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	0	1	4	0	1	0	1	0	2	7	13
13	4/28/2020 14:39:53	QVQ936DM	Iran >> United States 2020		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	BLMNews, Liberty Front Press, Internet Research Agency	BLMNews AND Liberty Front Press, Internet Research Agency	Iran, Russia		Direct Attribution		Facebook: Assets Linked to Iran, Russia	Facebook removed 93 accounts, 17 pages and four Instagram accounts for coordinated inauthentic behavior. The activity was mainly targeted at the U.S. Fake and compromised accounts were used to masquerade as locals, join groups, and drive people to off-platform sites associated with the Iran-linked “Liberty Front Press.” The accounts typically posted about U.S. and Israeli politics, support for Palestine, and the conflict in Yemen.	https://about.fb.com/news/2019/10/removing-more-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior-from-iran-and-russia/	http://web.archive.org/web/20200425035551/https://about.fb.com/news/2019/10/removing-more-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior-from-iran-and-russia/	https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/hands-in.png?w=960&resize=656%2C311	Facebook	"Junk News" Website	Facebook, Instagram			2/5/2017	10/21/2019	10/21/2019	Sockpuppets	36701	7320	2995	47016	9	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	1	3	7	15
14	5/6/2020 13:41:13	EWEDMP63	Saudi Arabia >>> United States 2018		Twitter			United States	Technology Company	Smaat		Saudi Arabia		Direct Attribution		Twitter: Assets Linked to Saudi Arabia	Twitter blocked 88,000 accounts engaged in spammy behavior and attributed them to a significant state-backed information operation originating in Saudi Arabia. The accounts were managed by Smaat, a social media marketing company that ran Twitter accounts for high-profile individuals and Saudi government departments. The accounts pushed messages favorable to the Saudi authorities, amplifying discussion about sanctions in Iran and appearances by Saudi government officials in Western media.	https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/new-disclosures-to-our-archive-of-state-backed-information-operations.html	http://web.archive.org/web/20200506173908/https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/new-disclosures-to-our-archive-of-state-backed-information-operations.html	https://pixabay.com/get/54e6dc444950ac14f1dc8460da29317e153cdfec545777_640.jpg	Kaufdex/Pixabay		Twitter			1/1/2018	12/20/2019	12/20/2019	Brigading, Sockpuppets, Botnets	120608	17160	32448	170216	208	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	1	1	5	7	17
15	4/28/2020 14:33:06	B2K8L2QM	United States,Vietnam >> United States 2020		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	Epoch Media Group, The BL		United States,Vietnam	Vietnam	Direct Attribution		Facebook: Assets Linked to Anti-China Media Organization	Facebook removed 610 accounts, 89 pages, 156 groups and 72 Instagram accounts for coordinated inauthentic behavior on behalf of a government or foreign actor. The activity was primarily targeted at the U.S. and linked to The BL and Epoch Media Group, both U.S.-based media companies. The network was run by individuals in Vietnam and the U.S. It used fake accounts (some of which had profile photos generated by deep learning processes) and automated posting to direct traffic to off-platform sites. The accounts also masqueraded as Americans and posted on U.S. political issues.	https://about.fb.com/news/2019/12/removing-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior-from-georgia-vietnam-and-the-us/	http://web.archive.org/web/20200427035411/https://about.fb.com/news/2019/12/removing-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior-from-georgia-vietnam-and-the-us/	https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E0BAQEt6S9z7QLAWg/company-logo_200_200/0?e=2159024400&v=beta&t=JbZ1bwIYPtksYzUzDU4I2fpF5rWnHoD_H7Psf_TieI4	Linkedin		Facebook			10/5/2019	12/20/2019	12/20/2019	Sockpuppets	537852	18838	33474	590164	320	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	1	1	1	4	7	16
16	6/16/2020 17:51:10	2VHOY7IC	North Korea >> United States 2019		Microsoft			United States	Technology Company	Thallium		North Korea		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Microsoft: Cyberattacks Linked to North Korea	A U.S. district court unsealed Microsoft documents describing cyberattacks by a hacking group called Thallium, which is believed to operate from North Korea. Targets included government employees, think tanks, university staff members, members of organizations focused on world peace and human rights, and individuals that work on nuclear proliferation issues. Most of the targets were based in the U.S.	https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/12/30/microsoft-court-action-against-nation-state-cybercrime/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200616204428/https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/12/30/microsoft-court-action-against-nation-state-cybercrime/	https://pixabay.com/get/57e1d0424b51ab14f1dc8460da29317e153cdfec5b5779_640.jpg	Chickenonline/Pixabay				Email		7/16/2019	12/30/2019	Hacking - Data Exfiltration	11781	3763	1097	16641	257	1	0	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	0	2	7	14
17	4/28/2020 14:21:31	CU6V8230	Iran >> United States 2020		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	Iran		Iran		Direct Attribution		Facebook: Assets Linked to Iran	Facebook removed 6 Facebook accounts and 5 Instagram accounts involved in foreign interference originating in Iran and targeted at the U.S. The network used fake accounts to attempt to contact public figures as well as to share posts on the U.S. elections, Christianity, U.S.-Iran relations, U.S. immigration policy, and U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Facebook found links between this network and the network that it had removed in January 2019.	https://about.fb.com/news/2020/02/removing-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior/	http://archive.ph/6WdYn	https://pixabay.com/get/51e6d040484faa0df7c5997cc128377d1436d7e35a_640.png	Simon Steinberger/Pixabay		Facebook, Instagram			1/1/2020	2/1/2020	2/12/2020	Sockpuppets	51450	3470	1195	56115	171	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	0	1	0	3	7	15
18	6/23/2020 15:51:02	Y8YL4NQH	Russia >> United States	U.S. Intelligence	Intelligence Officials			United States	Government			Russia		Direct Attribution	Sanders	U.S. Intelligence: Russia Targets Sanders Campaign	The Washington Post published information about a confidential briefing given by U.S. officials to Senator Bernie Sanders (D-VT) warning him that Russia was attempting to help his campaign as part of an effort to interfere with the Democratic primary. Sanders said that “[his] understanding” was that Russia was “us[ing] Internet propaganda to sow division.”	https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/bernie-sanders-briefed-by-us-officials-that-russia-is-trying-to-help-his-presidential-campaign/2020/02/21/5ad396a6-54bd-11ea-929a-64efa7482a77_story.html	https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/bernie-sanders-briefed-by-us-officials-that-russia-is-trying-to-help-his-presidential-campaign/2020/02/21/5ad396a6-54bd-11ea-929a-64efa7482a77_story.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Bernie_Sanders_%2848647153227%29.jpg	Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia							2/21/2020		2176446	243116	344248	2763810	917	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	11
19	4/28/2020 15:07:28	TCAVVVR4	India >> United States 2020		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	aRep Global		India		Non-Aligned Commercial Activity		Facebook: Assets Linked to Indian Company	Facebook removed a network of 37 accounts, 32 pages, 11 groups and 42 Instagram accounts. This activity originated in India and focused on the Gulf region, United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. Facebook’s investigation found links to aRep Global, a digital marketing firm in India.	https://about.fb.com/news/2020/03/february-cib-report/	http://web.archive.org/web/20200420062152/https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/February-2020-CIB-Report.pdf	https://pixabay.com/get/54e0dc4a4852a914f1dc8460da29317e153cdce5515773_640.png	Gordon Johnson/Pixabay		Facebook, Instagram			1/1/2020	3/2/2020	3/2/2020	Sockpuppets	1703	1079	10480	13262	58	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	1	3	7	15
20	4/27/2020 13:10:57	EWV49KEX	Russia >> United States 2020		Facebook, CNN, Twitter, Graphika, Clemson University		Facebook	United States	Technology Company, Media, Private Consultancy, Civil Society Organization	EBLA		Russia, Ghana, Nigeria	Russia	Direct Attribution		Various: Assets Operating Out of Ghana/Nigeria Linked to Russia	Facebook, CNN, Twitter, Graphika, and Clemson University uncovered a cross-platform influence operation run from Ghana. The operation targeted black communities in the U.S. but was still in the early stages of building its audience. The operation was linked to individuals associated with the Internet Research Agency as well as a Ghanaian NGO traceable to Russia.	https://graphika.com/reports/ira-in-ghana-double-deceit/	http://web.archive.org/web/20200424053336/https://graphika.com/reports/ira-in-ghana-double-deceit/	https://pixabay.com/get/54e9d74a4356b10ff3d89960c62e377e163ddded5759_640.jpg	Thomas Ulrich/Pixabay	"Junk News" Website	Facebook, Instagram, Twitter			1/1/2020	3/12/2020	3/12/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	21400	2323	8761	32484	62	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	0	1	1	4	7	16
21	5/11/2020 13:27:05	1JRQ977C	Russia >> United States 2019		Barack Obama	President Barack Obama		United States	Influential Individual	Senate Republicans		Russia		Proxy/Inferred Attribution	Ukraine	Obama: Senate Republicans Amplifying Russian Disinformation	Former President Barack Obama's office claimed in a letter that Senate Republicans were supporting "a Russian disinformation campaign" by pushing the narrative that Ukraine was responsible for interference in the 2016 election instead of Russia.	https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6882587-Letter-From-Obama-Office-to-NARA-03-13-20.html	https://web.archive.org/web/20200511171341/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6882587-Letter-From-Obama-Office-to-NARA-03-13-20.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Barack_Obama_2016.jpg	WDKrause/Wikimedia					11/21/2019	3/13/2020	5/5/2020		155074	4590	11534	171198	37	1	1	0	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	0	1	2	0	0	0	1	0	1	7	10
22	6/15/2020 13:02:05	U4GQKN35	United States >> United States 2020		White House			United States	Government	Voice of America		China		Direct Attribution		White House: Voice of America Tool for Chinese Propaganda	The White House published an article claiming that Voice of America had “amplified Beijing’s propaganda,” pointing to Voice of America tweets about the COVID-19 epidemic in China.	https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/amid-a-pandemic-voice-of-america-spends-your-money-to-promote-foreign-propaganda/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200615165424/https://www.insidevoa.com/a/voa-director-s-statement-on-cdc-s-media-interview-policy-excluding-voa-journalists/5462335.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Voice_of_America_Reporter_at_March_for_Science%2C_Washington%2C_DC_%2834078320141%29.jpg	scattered1/Wikimedia	State Media				4/1/2020	4/10/2020	4/10/2020		78166	4972	678	83816	72	1	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	4
23	5/11/2020 14:09:52	8PPYXGVD	China >> US 2020	U.S. Intelligence	Intelligence Officials		Intelligence Officials	United States	Government	China	fake messages	China		Direct Attribution		U.S. Intelligence: China Amplified COVID-19 Disinformation	According to New York Times reporting, American officials claimed Chinese operatives amplified fake text messages and social media posts about President Trump locking down the country.	https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/us/politics/coronavirus-china-disinformation.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage&mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiWWpoa1pHTXpNMlU0TjJWbCIsInQiOiJ0NGhaUzJTMGU1OEZLNkdvRzRleWJ0NEp1Z3JuT1hnNEFaUW9tSSs1aGU1TkRkV1hkM2pGcWFuUGp2eVRObEZYWHR4dFlRVnlOdWM5b2MxQzc5V3gyS1d2OHJXM3grNDNCcmxjK3drM2hvRmJ5OTZOayt5Y25YdUs2ZGIzcjg4OCJ9		https://pixabay.com/get/52e9dd444c53a414f1dc8460da29317e1538dee7565374_640.jpg	sandeep darji/Pixabay		Facebook, Instagram, Twitter	WhatsApp, SMS		3/10/2020	4/22/2020	4/22/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets	54595	16577	3024	74196	12	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	1	1	2	8	13
24	4/29/2020 11:20:54	0UG7TPJ6	China, Russia >> NATO 2020	NATO	Jens Stoltenberg		NATO AND Jens Stoltenberg		Foreign Government Body	China, Russia		China, Russia		Direct Attribution		Stoltenberg: China/Russia Using COVID-19 to Target NATO	NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg accused China and Russia of spreading disinformation about NATO’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in order to “undermine the cohesion of NATO allies.”	https://www.rferl.org/a/nato-s-stoltenberg-blasts-chinese-russian-disinformation-about-coronavirus/30579874.html	http://web.archive.org/web/20200428004630/https://www.rferl.org/a/nato-s-stoltenberg-blasts-chinese-russian-disinformation-about-coronavirus/30579874.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Jens_Stoltenberg_%284682429800%29.jpg	Hakan Dahlstrom/Wikimedia					1/15/2020	4/27/2020	4/27/2020		111	11	0	122	5	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	10
25	5/6/2020 13:13:55	TUVODB5C	Iran >> United States 2011		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting		Iran		Direct Attribution		Facebook: Assets Linked to Iran	Facebook removed 118 pages, 389 Facebook accounts, 27 groups, and 6 Instagram accounts linked to the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Corporation. The network engaged in coordinated inauthentic behavior targeted at the U.S. and other countries.	https://about.fb.com/news/2020/05/april-cib-report/	http://web.archive.org/web/20200506171135/https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/April-2020-CIB-Report.pdf	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/97/IRIB_Logo.svg	Wikimedia		Facebook, Twitter			1/1/2011	4/30/2020	5/5/2020	Brigading, Sockpuppets	186335	5906	3775	196016	334	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	0	0	1	0	1	7	13
26	5/27/2020 14:27:07	3WTUPUK1	Russia and/or China >> United States 2020		Carnegie Mellon University			United States	Civil Society Organization	Russia, China	Twitter	Russia, China		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Carnegie Mellon: COVID-19 "Propaganda Machine" Emulates Russia and China	CMU researchers analyzed tweets discussing COVID-19 in the U.S. and found that a large portion of influential accounts are likely bots. The researchers concluded that this "propaganda machine...definitely [matched] the Russian and Chinese playbooks," but could not substantiate the connection.	https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/nearly-half-twitter-accounts-discussing-%E2%80%98reopening-america%E2%80%99-may-be-bots	http://archive.ph/YvkNa	https://pixabay.com/get/53e1d2474c55ad14f1dc8460da29317e153cdce55a5172_640.jpg	Gerd Altmann/Pixabay		Twitter			1/20/2020		5/20/2020	Botnets	1632872	34706	86930	1754508	146	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	0	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	7
27	6/2/2020 12:15:39	4L5N3407	United States >> United States 2020	U.S. Intelligence	US officials			United States	Government	Boogaloo Boys, Proud Boys, ANTIFA, Foreign Actors	foreign actors		DELETE	Proxy/Inferred Attribution	Floyd	U.S. Officials: Foreign Actors Targeting George Floyd Protests	U.S. officials warned that "foreign agents" could be orchestrating a social media disinformation campaign regarding the George Floyd protests.	https://apnews.com/32bc90566697388645f01675359dcad1	https://web.archive.org/web/20200602161336/https://apnews.com/32bc90566697388645f01675359dcad1	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/George_Floyd_protests_in_Philadelphia_04.jpg	.RGB./Wikimedia		Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit	Telegram		5/1/2020	5/31/2020	5/31/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets, Hacking - DDoS	1759987	103919	44127	1908033	247	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	0	1	1	1	4	0	0	0	1	0	1	8	13
28	6/4/2020 17:18:07	VO553UH8	Multiple, unlisted >> United States 2020	Senior U.S. Official	Attorney General William Barr			United States	Government	Foreign Actors				Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Barr: Foreign Actors Targeting George Floyd Protests	In a press conference, Attorney General William Barr said, "We have evidence that antifa and other similar extremist groups, as well as actors of a variety of different political persuasions have been involved in instigating and participating in the violent activity.” Barr added, "We are also seeing foreign actors playing all sides to exacerbate the violence."	https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/ag-barr-evidence-antifa-foreign-actors-involved-sowing/story?id=71066996	https://web.archive.org/web/20200604211727/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/ag-barr-evidence-antifa-foreign-actors-involved-sowing/story?id=71066996	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Candlelight_Vigil_2019-184_%2832905730027%29.jpg	Shane T. McCoy/Wikimedia		Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit			6/2/2020	6/4/2020	6/4/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets	283088	7367	696	291151	74	1	1	0	0	1	3	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	5
29	6/17/2020 16:47:27	HJXZK59K	China >> United States 2020		Google			United States	Technology Company	APT		China, Iran		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Google: Cyberattacks Linked to China/Iran Target 2020 Election	Google announced that state-backed hackers from China targeted staffers working on Joe Biden’s campaign. Separately, Iranian hackers targeted email accounts belonging to President Donald Trump's campaign staff, Google claimed.	https://www.voanews.com/usa/us-politics/google-chinese-iranian-hackers-targeted-biden-trump-campaigns	https://web.archive.org/web/20200617210456/https://www.voanews.com/usa/us-politics/google-chinese-iranian-hackers-targeted-biden-trump-campaigns	https://pixabay.com/get/57e9d1474c5aa414f1dc8460da29317e153cdce4525977_640.jpg	Darwin Laganzon/Pixabay				Email		6/4/2020	6/4/2020	Hacking - Data Exfiltration	15796	5498	816	22110	42	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	0	1	2	1	1	1	0	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	10
30	6/17/2020 18:52:31	UIWBCVSM	Russia >> United States 2020		New York Times			United States	Media	@DanWals83975326, @DanRadov	@DanWals83975326	Russia		Proxy/Inferred Attribution	Mook	NYT: Russia Linked to Iowa Caucus Misinformation	The New York Times found that online personas with ties to Russia amplified a Twitter conspiracy theory about technical failures during the contested Iowa Democratic caucus.	https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/technology/coronavirus-disinformation-russia-iowa-caucus.html	https://web.archive.org/web/20200617225128/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/technology/coronavirus-disinformation-russia-iowa-caucus.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Sanders_supporters_in_Iowa%2C_January_31%2C_2016.jpg	Max Goldberg/Wikimedia		Twitter			1/27/2020	6/15/2020	6/15/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets	13360	4416	1028	18804	50	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	0	1	1	0	3	1	1	1	0	0	3	8	16
31	6/17/2020 17:43:04	A1O7CILS	Russia >> United States 2014		Graphika			United States	Civil Society Organization	Operation Secondary Infektion		Russia		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Graphika: Russia Spreading Disinformation	Building off of a DFRLab report, Graphika found over 2,500 pieces of content related to Secondary Infektion, a Russian information operation. The operation targeted the U.S. and other Western countries with fake stories and forged documents intended to provoke tensions between Russia’s perceived enemies.	https://secondaryinfektion.org/report/secondary-infektion-at-a-glance/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200617212215/https://secondaryinfektion.org/downloads/secondary-infektion-report.pdf	https://pixabay.com/get/57e1dc414c51a914f1dc8460da29317e153cdce4505872_640.jpg	Chickenonline/Pixabay	"Junk News" Website	Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit, Quora			1/1/2014		6/16/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	61932	8070	53180	123182	64	0	0	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	1	1	1	1	1	5	6	15
32	6/24/2020 14:51:31	L98UBEZR	FOREIGN COUNTRIES >> United States		Donald Trump	President Donald Trump		United States	Government	Foreign countries		unspecified				Trump: Foreign Actors Will Cast Millions of Ballots in Election	President Donald Trump tweeted, "RIGGED 2020 ELECTION: MILLIONS OF MAIL-IN BALLOTS WILL BE PRINTED BY FOREIGN COUNTRIES, AND OTHERS. IT WILL BE THE SCANDAL OF OUR TIMES!"	https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1275024974579982336		https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Donald_Trump_%2829496131773%29.jpg	Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia							6/22/2020		216763	69386	43594	329743	91	1	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2
33	7/23/2020 15:04:49	K7AZA3CE	N/A >> United States	Congressional Democrats	Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer, House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff, and Senate Intelligence Committee Vice Chairman Mark Warner		Pelosi Schumer Schiff Warner	United States	Government	Russia	DELETE					Congressional Democrats: Information About Russian Interference Suppressed	Prominent Democrats in Congress wrote a public letter to FBI Director Christopher Wray stating that they were, “gravely concerned...that Congress appears to be the target of a concerted foreign interference campaign, which seeks to launder and amplify disinformation in order to influence congressional activity, public debate, and the presidential election in November.”	https://intelligence.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1029		https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence.jpg	Wikimedia							7/20/2020		47814	26629	135735	210178	29	0	1	0	1	1	3	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	6	8
34	7/24/2020 11:12:53	7OREGDIV	Russia, China, Iran >> United States	U.S. Intelligence	NCSC Director William Evanina			United States	Government	Russia, China, Iran	Russia China Iran	Russia, China, Iran	DELETE	Direct Attribution		U.S. Intelligence: China, Iran, Russia Target 2020 Election	Director of the U.S. National Counterintelligence and Security Center William Evanina wrote in a press release that U.S. adversaries (primarily China, Russia, and Iran) were attempting to “compromise the private communications of U.S. political campaigns, candidates and other political targets” as well as election infrastructure. He also warned, “Foreign nations continue to use influence measures in social and traditional media in an effort to sway U.S. voters’ preferences and perspectives, to shift U.S. policies, to increase discord and to undermine confidence in our democratic process.”	https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/item/2135-statement-by-ncsc-director-william-evanina-100-days-until-election-2020	https://web.archive.org/web/20200724151120/https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/item/2135-statement-by-ncsc-director-william-evanina-100-days-until-election-2020	https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/671742150288105472/Vl7Ww3_j_400x400.png			Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit					7/24/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	72177	7330	14465	93972	83	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	0	2	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	10
35	7/29/2020 14:44:56	T6FALRDO	Russia >> United States 2020	U.S. Intelligence	Intelligence Officials			United States	Government	GRU, InfoRos, SVR	Russian intelligence	Russia		Direct Attribution		U.S. Intelligence: Russia Amplified COVID-19 Disinformation	Declassified U.S. intelligence material describes how Russian intelligence agencies have used websites InfoRos and OneWorld.Press to spread disinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic.	https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/28/us/politics/russia-disinformation-coronavirus.html	http://web.archive.org/web/20200729183812/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/28/us/politics/russia-disinformation-coronavirus.html	https://pixabay.com/get/54e8d2444f56ac14f1dc8460da29317e153cdce4555774_640.jpg	IGORN/Pixabay	State Media, "Junk News" Website				5/15/2020	7/15/2020	7/28/2020	Deceptive Content Manipulation	57773	7623	1188	66584	115	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	0	1	1	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	12
36	8/14/2020 10:45:19	619P6SZ6	Russia >> United States	U.S. Intelligence	NCSC Director William Evanina			United States	Government	Russia, China, Iran	Russia China Iran	Russia, China, Iran		Direct Attribution		U.S. Intelligence: China, Russia, Iran Each Targeting U.S. Election	Following up on his July 24 press release, Director of the U.S. National Counterintelligence and Security Center William Evanina warned that “foreign states will continue to use covert and overt influence measures in their attempts to sway U.S. voters’ preferences and perspectives, shift U.S. policies, increase discord in the United States, and undermine the American people’s confidence in our democratic process.” He also included information about recent propaganda efforts by China, Russia, and Iran, but only the information about Russia implicated specific actors.	https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/item/2139-statement-by-ncsc-director-william-evanina-election-threat-update-for-the-american-public		https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/William_Evanina_official_photo.jpg	Wikimedia		Facebook, Twitter, YouTube					8/7/2020		169068	38225	7103	214396	91	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	9
37	8/13/2020 11:30:49	XFSW02FX	China >> United States 2020		Graphika			United States	Private Consultancy			China			video	Graphika: China Using Spam Video Propaganda	Graphika reported that social media accounts from a pro-Chinese political spam network posted English-language videos attacking American policy and the administration of President Donald Trump, in particular its handling of the COVID-19 outbreak and racial inequality as well as its moves against TikTok. The videos were poorly made and had language errors, automated voiceovers, and profile pictures generated by deep learning processes.	https://public-assets.graphika.com/reports/graphika_report_spamouflage_dragon_goes_to_america.pdf	https://web.archive.org/web/20200813152654/https://public-assets.graphika.com/reports/graphika_report_spamouflage_dragon_goes_to_america.pdf	https://pixabay.com/get/54e6d4444f53ac14f1dc8460da29317e153cdce4545876_640.jpg	StockSnap/Pixabay		YouTube			6/13/2020	8/7/2020	8/12/2020	Botnets, Deep Learning Processes	15979	4044	12896	32919	29	0	0	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	0	1	1	1	0	3	6	13
38	6/12/2020 14:35:04	TJ82BE1R	Russia, China, Iran >> United States 2020	U.S. Intelligence	Department of Homeland Security, ABC		Homeland Security	United States	Government	Russia, China, Iran	Russia China Iran	Russia, China, Iran	DELETE	Direct Attribution	Floyd	DHS: China, Iran, Russia Target George Floyd Protests	ABC News obtained an intelligence bulletin sent to law enforcement by the Department of Homeland Security. The bulletin accuses Russia, China and Iran of "employing state media, proxy outlets, and social media accounts to amplify criticism of the United States related to the death of George Floyd and subsequent events."	https://abcnews.go.com/US/intel-bulletin-warns-malign-actors-targeting-us-george/story?id=71184163	http://archive.ph/F8INV	https://pixabay.com/get/53e3dc454352a414f1dc8460da29317e153cdce6555870_640.jpg	Ana Carolina Mantelli/Pixabay	State Media	Facebook, Twitter, YouTube					6/11/2020		9612	2129	285	12026	30	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	0	1	1	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	12
39	9/17/2020 17:16:56	508A8K4X	Russia, Iran, China >>> United States 2019		Department of Homeland Security, ABC		ABC, DHS	United States	Media	Russia, Iran, China		Russia, Iran, China		Direct Attribution		DHS Analyst: Russian Narratives Spread About Biden Mental Health	ABC leaked a draft of a Department of Homeland Security intelligence bulletin on Russian efforts to promote “allegations about the poor mental health” of former Vice President Joe Biden. The memo also mentioned Iranian and Chinese propaganda about President Donald Trump’s mental health. Although the memo was submitted on July 7, it was never released because it “failed to meet the agency’s standards.”	https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/dhs-withheld-july-intelligence-bulletin-calling-russian-attack/story?id=72747130	https://web.archive.org/web/20200914112820/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/dhs-withheld-july-intelligence-bulletin-calling-russian-attack/story?id=72747130	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Joe_Biden_%2848554137807%29.jpg	Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia					9/1/2019	5/31/2020	9/2/2020		364505	51197	33345	449047	167	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	0	1	1	1	4	0	1	0	1	0	2	8	14
40	9/18/2020 0:30:37	20W6K0PZ	Russia >>> United States 2020		Kamala Harris	Senator Kamala Harris		United States	Influential Individual	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution		Harris: Foreign Interference Could Cost Her the Election	Senator Kamala Harris (D-CA) said foreign interference could potentially cost her and former Vice President Joe Biden the White House in November. “I do believe that there will be foreign interference in the 2020 election and that Russia will be at the front of the line,” she said.	https://apnews.com/79be8d5f69b1bfbcc55dbaec3ca001e4	https://web.archive.org/web/20200918042650/https://apnews.com/79be8d5f69b1bfbcc55dbaec3ca001e4	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Kamala_Harris_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg	Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia							9/6/2020		215927	6664	3568	226159	26	1	1	0	0	1	3	1	1	0	2	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	6
41	9/18/2020 0:42:07	24DYHJXI	Russia >>> United States 2020	U.S. Intelligence	Department of Homeland Security			United States	Government	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution	vote	DHS: Russia Targeting Confidence in Mail-In Voting	In an internal bulletin, the Department of Homeland Security warned that Russia was trying to undermine U.S. confidence in mail-in voting. Since March, Russian state media outlets have published criticism of widespread mail-in voting, the bulletin reported.	https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/russia-amplifying-claims-mail-voter-fraud-intel-bulletin/story?id=72799959	https://web.archive.org/save/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/russia-amplifying-claims-mail-voter-fraud-intel-bulletin/story?id=72799959	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/USPS_Mailbox.jpg	Iain Laurence/Wikimedia	State Media				3/1/2020		9/3/2020		149663	28378	78931	256972	64	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	0	1	1	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	12
42	9/18/2020 13:13:24	35JWSYN9	Russia >>> United States 2020	Senior U.S. Official	Brian Murphy		Brian Murphy, DHS	United States	Government	Russia		Russia		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		DHS Whistleblower: Told to Stop Writing about Russian Interference	Brian Murphy, a senior Department of Homeland Security intelligence official, alleged that he was told to stop providing intelligence reports on Russian interference in the 2020 election, in part because it “made the President look bad.” He said he was told to shift the focus to election interference by China and Iran.	https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/us/politics/homeland-security-russia-trump.html	https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/us/politics/homeland-security-russia-trump.html	https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/images/18_0709_Brian-J-Murphy.jpg?itok=TmVxNZc2	DHS							9/9/2020		1595173	153998	62035	1811206	185	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	8
43	9/18/2020 13:27:58	B67Q8PAA	Venezuela >>> United States 2020		White House, Rick Scott			United States	Government	Nicolas Maduro		Venezuela		Direct Attribution		White House: Maduro Inciting Violence at Protests	The White House said that individuals linked to Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro have incited violence at the George Floyd protests, but refused to discuss the “non-open source information” supporting that assessment. Senator Rick Scott (R-FL) had previously highlighted a similar claim.	https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article243266536.html	https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article243266536.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/George_Floyd_Miami_Protest%2C_June_7%2C_2020_17.jpg	Mike Shaheen/Wikimedia				Individuals at protests			6/5/2020		81978	4840	14096	100914	34	1	1	0	0	0	2	0	1	1	2	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	7
44	9/18/2020 17:10:58	TZ3OU1FU	Russia >>> United States 2014		DFRLab			United States	Civil Society Organization	Operation Secondary Infektion		Russia		Direct Attribution		DFRLab: Broad Russian Influence Operation Uncovered	DFRLab uncovered a broad influence operation originating in Russia. The scale of the operation, its tradecraft, and its obsession with secrecy indicate that it was run by a persistent, sophisticated, and well-resourced organization, possibly an intelligence agency. The activity took place not only on Facebook and Twitter, but also on Medium, Reddit, and other online platforms. In all, more than 30 online services were employed across 9 languages.	https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/operation-secondary-infektion/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200918210426/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/operation-secondary-infektion/	Screenshot	DFRLab		Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Reddit, Forum Board			1/1/2014		6/22/2019	Sockpuppets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	527	143	69	739	6	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	0	1	1	1	4	8	17
45	9/23/2020 12:33:58	W1U1SUQ9	Russia, China, Iran >>> United States 2020		Microsoft			United States	Technology Company	Strontium, Zirconium, Phosphorus	DELETE	Russia, China, Iran		Direct Attribution		Microsoft: Cyberattacks on Election Campaigns	Microsoft detected cyberattacks targeting people and organizations involved in the upcoming presidential election, including unsuccessful attacks on both the Trump and Biden campaigns. A Russian group has attempted to hack more than 200 political organizations. Chinese hackers have attacked high-profile individuals associated with the election, particularly the Biden campaign, and has compromised almost 150 accounts. An Iranian hacker group has targeted the accounts of people associated with the Trump campaign, as well as organizations interested in Middle Eastern politics.	https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200923162921/https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg/512px-Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg.png	Wikimedia	Independent Media			Email, Domains	3/1/2020	9/10/2020	9/10/2020	Hacking - Data Exfiltration	192147	31090	123938	347175	637	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	0	2	7	14
46	9/23/2020 13:28:30	5SP5O2PK	Russia >>> United States 2013		Yahoo News		Yahoo	United States	Media	Antifa.com		Russia		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Yahoo News: Antifa.com Connected to Russia	After an OAN correspondent noted that the website URL antifa.com redirected to Joe Biden’s campaign website, Yahoo News investigated the website and found that it was registered in Russia from 2013 until July 2019. Although any number of entities could have registered the URL, Yahoo's headline appeared to implicate Russia directly.	https://news.yahoo.com/atifa-website-one-america-chanel-rion-russia-004727528.html	https://web.archive.org/web/20200923172220/https://news.yahoo.com/atifa-website-one-america-chanel-rion-russia-004727528.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Antifa_logo.jpg	Wikimedia/Enix150	Independent Media			Domain	1/1/2013	8/12/2020	8/12/2020	Deceptive Content Manipulation	161905	8335	52251	222491	19	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	9
47	9/23/2020 14:11:49	T81C4QVK	Russia >>> United States 2020		Facebook, Twitter		DELETE	United States	Technology Company	Peace Data		Russia		Direct Attribution		Facebook: Assets and False News Organization Linked to Russia	Based on a tip from the FBI, Facebook removed 8 accounts and two pages linked to the Internet Research Agency. Twitter also removed five accounts associated with the network. The operation, centered around a fake media organization called Peace Data, used unsuspecting American freelancers to write left-leaning content. Peace Data had also tried unsuccessfully to place content in progressive magazines.	https://about.fb.com/news/2020/09/august-2020-cib-report/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200923174823/https://about.fb.com/news/2020/09/august-2020-cib-report/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Facebook_Logo_%282019%29.svg/800px-Facebook_Logo_%282019%29.svg.png	Wikimedia	Independent Media	Facebook			12/20/2020	9/1/2020	9/1/2020	Sockpuppets, Deceptive Content Manipulation, Deep Learning Processes	195215	17360	20114	232689	120	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	1	1	0	3	7	15
48	9/23/2020 14:54:20	BGIP9QT3	Russia >>> United States		CIA, Washington Post			United States	Government	Derkach		Russia		Direct Attribution		CIA: Report on Russian Election Interference	According to the Washington Post, the CIA published an assessment of Russian efforts to interfere in the November election in an internal, highly classified report. The report was prepared with input from the NSA and FBI and includes a description of Andriy Derkach’s efforts to disseminate disparaging information about former Vice President Joe Biden.	https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/09/22/secret-cia-assessment-putin-probably-directing-influence-operation-denigrate-biden/	https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/09/22/secret-cia-assessment-putin-probably-directing-influence-operation-denigrate-biden/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/CIA_Original_Headquarters_Building.jpg	Wikimedia	Independent Media			Personal communications		8/31/2020	9/22/2020	Lobbying	287549	69132	82309	438990	238	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	1	0	1	8	12
49	9/23/2020 15:03:48	ELWQ0IFJ	China >>> United States 2016		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	China		China		Direct Attribution	inauthentic	Facebook: Assets Linked to China	Facebook removed 155 accounts, 11 pages, 9 groups, and 6 Instagram accounts for coordinated inauthentic behavior. The activity originated in China and focused on the U.S. and Southeast Asia, although the network gained almost no following in the U.S. It posted content both in support of and against presidential candidates Pete Buttigieg, former Vice President Joe Biden and President Donald Trump, as well as commentary on naval activity in the South China Sea and regional politics.	https://about.fb.com/news/2020/09/removing-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior-china-philippines/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200923185920/https://about.fb.com/news/2020/09/removing-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior-china-philippines/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Flag_map_of_China_with_disputed.png	Wikimedia/DrRandomFactor	Independent Media	Facebook, Instagram			9/1/2016	9/22/2020	9/22/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	160993	4454	2844	168291	272	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	1	3	7	15
50	9/23/2020 16:54:32	44PI58XE	Russia >>> United States		FBI			United States	Government	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution		FBI Director: Russia Undermining Joe Biden	In testimony to the House Committee on Homeland Security, FBI Director Christopher Wray said that Russia continues to undermine former Vice President Joe Biden in an attempt to influence the presidential election. Russia uses social media, online proxies, state media, and online journals to “to denigrate [Biden] and what the Russians see as an anti-Russian establishment,” Wray said.	https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/516912-fbi-director-wray-warns-russia-is-interfering-in-election-to-undermine	https://web.archive.org/web/20200923204839/https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/516912-fbi-director-wray-warns-russia-is-interfering-in-election-to-undermine	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/FBI_Headquarters_at_night.jpg	Wikimedia	State Media	Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit				11/3/2020	9/17/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets, Deceptive Content Manipulation, Deep Learning Processes	255258	22817	95676	373751	59	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	0	1	1	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	12
51	9/24/2020 9:50:40	32NQ6NQW	Russia,China, Iran >>> United States		Mike Pompeo			United States	Government	Russia,China, Iran		Russia,China, Iran		Direct Attribution	coronavirus	Mike Pompeo: Disinformation on COVID-19	Secretary of State Mike Pompeo accused China, Russia, and Iran of “coordinated efforts to disparage” the U.S. response to COVID-19. He attributed the disinformation to both governments and individuals. He also mentioned false rumors about lockdowns in the U.S. and the origin of the virus.	https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-c-oronavirus-task-force-press-briefing/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924134441/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-c-oronavirus-task-force-press-briefing/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/White_House_Press_Briefing_%2849679776593%29.jpg	Wikimedia	Independent Media	Facebook, Twitter					3/20/2020	Sockpuppets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	63308	9935	555	73798	95	1	1	0	0	0	2	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	6
52	9/24/2020 11:48:14	DHK75NES	China >>> United States		Department of State		DELETE	United States	Government	Zhao Lijian, Foreign Ministry	Zhao Lijian	China		Direct Attribution	coronavirus	State Department: Chinese Ambassador Zhao Lijian Spread Conspiracy	Zhao Lijian, the Chinese Ambassador to the U.S., implied in a Tweet that the U.S. might be responsible for COVID-19: “It might be US army who brought the epidemic to Wuhan. Be transparent! Make public your data! US owe us an explanation!” Hours later, he was summoned to the State Department by Assistant Secretary of State David Stilwell.	https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/13/politics/state-department-chinese-ambassador-coronavirus/index.html	https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/13/politics/state-department-chinese-ambassador-coronavirus/index.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/MOFAChinaChaoyang.JPG	Wikimedia/WhisperToMe	State Media	Twitter				3/12/2020	3/12/2020	Deceptive Content Manipulation	685081	29512	2300	716893	40	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	1	0	0	2	8	15
53	9/24/2020 12:03:03	YW777IWI	Russia, China, Iran >>> United States		State Department, GEC, Lea Gabrielle		State Department, GEC	United States	Government	Russia, China, Iran		Russia, China, Iran		Direct Attribution		State Department: Russia, China, Iran Increase Disinformation	Lea Gabrielle, Special Envoy and Coordinator of the State Department’s Global Engagement Center, said that Russia, China, and Iran have sharply increased their disinformation about the coronavirus since January, sometimes repeating and amplifying each other’s propaganda.	https://www.state.gov/briefing-with-special-envoy-lea-gabrielle-global-engagement-center-on-disinformation-and-propaganda-related-to-covid-19/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924155426/https://www.state.gov/briefing-with-special-envoy-lea-gabrielle-global-engagement-center-on-disinformation-and-propaganda-related-to-covid-19/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Truman_building.jpg	Wikimedia/Ctac	Independent Media	Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit				3/27/2020	3/27/2020	Sockpuppets	5362	2575	649	8586	22	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	1	1	1	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	12
54	9/24/2020 12:35:21	XVMM45G3	China >>> United States		German Marshall Fund		Alliance for Securing Democracy	United States	Civil Society Organization	China		China		Direct Attribution	Twitter	GMF: Twitter Output from Chinese Accounts Rises Sharply	An analysis by the German Marshall Fund found that Twitter output from official Chinese accounts around the world has almost doubled since January, reaching 90,000 tweets in April and May. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, Chinese accounts "have become more aggressive [and] more conspiratorial.”	https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/china-launches-new-twitter-accounts-90-000-tweets-covid-19-n1207991	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924163219/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/china-launches-new-twitter-accounts-90-000-tweets-covid-19-n1207991	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Coronavirus_SARS-CoV-2.jpg	Wikimedia/Felipe Esquivel Reed	State Media	Twitter				5/20/2020	5/20/2020	Brigading, Deceptive Content Manipulation	10660	1105	903	12668	27	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	1	1	1	0	1	4	8	16
55	9/24/2020 12:48:28	4B02962Z	China >>> United Kingdom		BBC			United Kingdom	Media	China		China		Proxy/Inferred Attribution	Facebook	BBC: Fake Accounts Pushing Chinese Propaganda	A BBC investigation found that more than 1,200 fake or hijacked social media accounts have been pushing pro-Chinese government messages about the coronavirus pandemic on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Although the BBC could not definitively link the accounts to the Chinese government, it noted similarities to Chinese networks discovered by Twitter in August 2019 and Graphika in April 2020.	https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-52657434	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924163841/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-52657434	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/BBC_News_2019.svg	Wikimedia/BBC News	Independent Media	Facebook, Twitter, YouTube				5/28/2020	5/28/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	37995	771	378	39144	14	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	1	1	1	1	1	5	8	17
56	9/24/2020 13:15:32	EPRR4RES	China >>> United States		GEC, Department of State		GEC	United States	Government	China		China		Direct Attribution	Twitter	State Department: Inauthentic Twitter Accounts Tied to China	The State Department’s Global Engagement Center announced that it had uncovered a network of inauthentic Twitter accounts designed to amplify Chinese propaganda. When it sent a sample of 5,000 accounts to Twitter, however, Twitter found that many of the accounts belonged to government entities, NGOs, and journalists.	https://www.state.gov/briefing-with-special-envoy-lea-gabrielle-global-engagement-center-update-on-prc-efforts-to-push-disinformation-and-propaganda-around-covid/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924171128/https://www.state.gov/briefing-with-special-envoy-lea-gabrielle-global-engagement-center-update-on-prc-efforts-to-push-disinformation-and-propaganda-around-covid/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg	Wikimedia	State Media	Facebook, Twitter				5/8/2020	5/8/2020	Brigading, Sockpuppets, Botnets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	7064	2143	932	10139	24	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	0	2	8	15
57	9/24/2020 13:36:30	5Q5D6SZO	China >>> United States		Robert O'Brien			United States	Government	China		China		Direct Attribution		U.S. Official: China Has the Largest Program to Influence Election	National Security Advisor Robert O’Brien said that China “had the most massive program to influence the United States politically,” followed by Iran and then Russia. He did not provide any additional details.	https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-china/trump-security-adviser-says-china-has-biggest-election-interference-program-idUSKBN25V2NY	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924173401/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-china/trump-security-adviser-says-china-has-biggest-election-interference-program-idUSKBN25V2NY	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Seal_of_the_U.S._National_Security_Agency.svg/600px-Seal_of_the_U.S._National_Security_Agency.svg.png	Wikimedia	Independent Media					9/4/2020	9/4/2020	Hacking - DDoS, Hacking - Data Exfiltration	47617	5359	773363	826339	25	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	8
58	9/24/2020 13:47:09	0R5N2DK5	Russia >>> United States		Kamala Harris			United States	Influential Individual	Russian Bots		Russia		Direct Attribution		Harris: Campaign Targeted by Russian Bots	Senator Kamala Harris (D-VA) claimed her presidential campaign was targeted by Russian bots. A Twitter spokesperson said that the company had no evidence that Harris was the target of state-backed bots, however.	https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/kamala-harris-twitter-bots/index.html	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924174300/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/kamala-harris-twitter-bots/index.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Kamala_Harris_with_LACC_reps.jpg	Wikimedia	Independent Media	Twitter				7/16/2019	7/16/2019	Botnets	3160	832	15	4007	6	1	1	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	5
59	9/24/2020 13:55:02	AT5BWCEZ	Russia >>> United States		Pentagon, Department of Defense			United States	Government	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution		U.S. Officials: Russian Influence Operation Aimed at Military	A survey of armed services households found that 46% viewed Russia as an ally. This result concerned defense officials, who worried that Russia intended to seed U.S. military personnel with the right type of disinformation so that they would be predisposed to view Russia favorably. Defense officials noted that a Russian influence campaign has been targeting U.S. military personnel since 2017.	https://www.voanews.com/usa/pentagon-concerned-russia-cultivating-sympathy-among-us-troops	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924175211/https://www.voanews.com/usa/pentagon-concerned-russia-cultivating-sympathy-among-us-troops	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Pentagon_satellite_image.jpg	Wikimedia	Independent Media	Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit				12/8/2019	12/8/2019	Sockpuppets, Botnets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	5315	767	135	6217	44	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	0	2	0	1	1	1	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	11
60	9/24/2020 14:59:33	QGYY2XPE	Russia >>> United States 2020		Bloomberg News		U.S. intelligence	United States	Media	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution	Joe Biden	Bloomberg News: U.S. Officials Assess Russian Attacks on Biden	Bloomberg News reported that U.S. intelligence and law enforcement officials were assessing whether Russia was trying to undermine Joe Biden. The inquiry explored whether Russia may be promoting controversy over Biden's involvement in U.S. policy toward Ukraine at the same time as his son worked for an energy company there.	https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-10/u-s-probes-if-russia-targeting-biden-in-2020-election-meddling	https://web.archive.org/web/20200908062851/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-10/u-s-probes-if-russia-targeting-biden-in-2020-election-meddling	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Joe_Biden_%2849404623708%29.jpg	Wikimedia/Gage Skidmore	Independent Media	Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit			9/1/2020	11/3/2020	1/10/2020	Deceptive Content Manipulation	140973	5171	60716	206860	33	1	1	1	0	1	4	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	10
61	9/24/2020 16:11:24	M5L3A3M0	Russia >>> United States		Intelligence Officials			United States	Government	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution		U.S. Intelligence: Russia Interfering in Support of Trump	Intelligence officials briefed the House Intelligence Committee that Russia was interfering in the 2020 election in support of President Donald Trump. They also disclosed that Russia intended to interfere with the 2020 Democratic primaries. The briefing angered Trump, and his allies challenged the conclusions reached by the intelligence officials.	https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/20/us/politics/russian-interference-trump-democrats.html	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924200912/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/20/us/politics/russian-interference-trump-democrats.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/United_States_House_Committee_on_Intelligence_hearing_on_Emerging_Technologies_and_National_Security_-_Posturing_the_U.S._Intelligence_Community_for_Success.jpg	Wikimedia/Adam Schiff	Independent Media	Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit				2/13/2020	2/20/2020	Sockpuppets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	2137292	181394	143558	2462244	841	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	1	0	1	8	12
62	9/24/2020 16:17:45	QOTUZHN6	Russia >>> United States 2020		Chad Wolf, DHS			United States	Government	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution	DHS	U.S. Official: COVID-19 Lockdown Rumors Tied to Russia	Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf discussed text messages claiming that the U.S. was about to impose a COVID-19 lockdown, describing them as a “disinformation campaign” that might have originated in Russia.	https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/488894-dhs-chief-false-reports-of-national-shutdown-may-be-part-of-russian	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924201525/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/488894-dhs-chief-false-reports-of-national-shutdown-may-be-part-of-russian	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Chad_F._Wolf_2019.jpg	Wikimedia/Inter-American Dialogue	Independent Media		WhatsApp, SMS		3/1/2020	3/22/2020	3/22/2020	Deceptive Content Manipulation	3358	126	152	3636	16	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	7
63	9/24/2020 16:32:14	V5TT6RXM	Russia >>> United States		Department of Homeland Security		Yahoo News	United States	Government	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution		DHS: Russia Likely to Target Election	Yahoo News obtained a DHS intelligence assessment that concluded, “Russian influence actors almost certainly will continue to target U.S. audiences with influence activities that seek to advance Russian interests, and probably view the 2020 presidential election as a key opportunity to do so.” The assessment, which was coordinated with the FBI, CIA, and NSA, examined a small number of social media accounts likely controlled by Russian influence actors and found that they attempted to aggravate social and racial tensions, undermine trust in US officials, and criticize anti-Russian politicians.	https://news.yahoo.com/dhs-warns-russia-influence-2020-elections-170005501.html	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924202820/https://news.yahoo.com/dhs-warns-russia-influence-2020-elections-170005501.html	https://www.gao.gov/extracts/81ab3b0a5e06d5402a59d642d5ee5e98/rId17_image5.png	GAO	Independent Media	Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit				1/1/2019	10/24/2019	Sockpuppets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	7371	680	5	8056	7	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	11
64	9/24/2020 16:42:49	53QRMVHS	Russia >>> United States 2017		Graphika			United States	Private Consultancy	Russia		Russia		Proxy/Inferred Attribution	UK trade	Graphika: UK-US Trade Documents Leaked by Russia	Graphika assessed that unredacted UK-US trade documents leaked before Britain’s December 2019 general election were posted and amplified in a way that closely resembled the Russian information operation known as Secondary Infektion. Graphika could not definitively attribute the documents to the unknown actors behind that operation, however.	https://public-assets.graphika.com/reports/graphika_report_uk_trade_leaks_updated_12.12.pdf	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924203710/https://public-assets.graphika.com/reports/graphika_report_uk_trade_leaks_updated_12.12.pdf	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lenin_museum%2C_Moscow_center.jpg	Wikimedia/Andrey	Independent Media	Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit			5/4/2017		12/2/2019	Sockpuppets, Botnets, Hacking - Data Exfiltration	7378	9128	914	17420	27	1	0	1	1	1	4	1	0	1	2	1	1	1	1	0	4	1	1	1	1	0	4	5	13
65	9/24/2020 16:52:04	025KQA5P	Iran >>> United States		The Daily Beast, Twitter		DELETE	United States	Media	Iran		Iran		Proxy/Inferred Attribution	reporter	Twitter: Fake, Pro-Iran Accounts Impersonate Reporters	Twitter suspended fake accounts impersonating New York Post and Haaretz reporters. The accounts promoted false stories that contained pro-Iranian government propaganda as well as attacks on Iranian opposition groups and Israel.	https://www.thedailybeast.com/new-york-post-reporters-identity-stolen-to-spread-iran-propaganda	https://web.archive.org/web/20200925043527/https://www.thedailybeast.com/new-york-post-reporters-identity-stolen-to-spread-iran-propaganda	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/New_York_Post.svg	Wikimedia	Independent Media	Twitter					1/8/2020	Sockpuppets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	872	1804	170	2846	18	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	0	0	0	1	1	2	8	14
66	9/24/2020 17:04:53	NGORFHPJ	Albania >>> United States		The Intercept		DELETE	United States	Media	Mojahedin-e-Khalq	Heshmet Alavi	Albania	DELETE	Direct Attribution		The Intercept: Articles Written by MEK Persona	The Intercept reported that a fictitious persona going by the name Heshmat Alavi, which had published articles in Forbes, The Hill, the Daily Caller, and The Federalist, was actually a group account run by Iranian opposition group Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK). One of the those articles was cited by the White House in an exchange with a reporter.	https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/heshmat-alavi-fake-iran-mek/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924210145/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/heshmat-alavi-fake-iran-mek/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Logo_of_the_People%27s_Mujahedin_of_Iran.png	Wikimedia	Independent Media			Mainstream media		4/1/2018	6/9/2019	Sockpuppets	13585	12441	337	26363	121	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	0	1	1	1	0	3	8	15
67	9/24/2020 17:19:47	Z6BKMSE3	Russia >>> United States 2019		Facebook			United States	Technology Company	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution	takedown	Facebook: Assets Linked to Russia	Facebook removed three separate networks originating in Russia for coordinated inauthentic behavior. Together, these networks totaled 242 accounts, 42 pages, 19 groups, and 45 Instagram accounts. They were all targeted in part at the U.S. and engaged in activities like impersonating locals in order to contact news organizations, driving viewers to off-platform sites, soliciting written content, and criticizing U.S. policy in the Middle East. These networks had connections to the Internet Research Agency and, most likely, to Russian military intelligence.	https://about.fb.com/news/2020/09/removing-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior-russia/	https://web.archive.org/web/20200924211455/https://about.fb.com/news/2020/09/removing-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior-russia/	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%A4.jpg	Wikimedia/Krylov Ivan	Independent Media	Facebook, Instagram			7/1/2019	9/24/2020	9/24/2020	Sockpuppets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	66684	2531	381	69596	138	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	1	3	7	15
68	10/7/2020 14:17:22	PDYLZELT	>>> United States 2020	U.S. Intelligence	FBI, CISA			United States	Government	Foreign actors	DELETE			Proxy/Inferred Attribution	voting	FBI, CISA: Disinformation About Election Systems Vulnerability	The FBI and CISA issued a public service announcement warning that “foreign actors and cyber criminals” are spreading disinformation about cyberattacks on voter registration databases and voting systems.	https://www.ic3.gov/media/2020/200928.aspx	https://web.archive.org/web/20201004041755if_/https://www.ic3.gov/media/2020/200928.aspx	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cybersecurity.png/640px-Cybersecurity.png	VIN JD/Pixabay							9/28/2020		85901	18487	262	104650	105	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	1	0	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	11
69	10/8/2020 1:32:40	HDBZ7IBP	United States, Russia >>> United States 2020	Congressional Democrats	House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff		Adam Schiff	United States	Government	Russia, Donald Trump		United States, Russia	DELETE	Direct Attribution	amplify	Schiff: Russia Amplifying Trump's Attacks on Vote-by-Mail	House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff claimed that the Russians “have been amplifying Trump’s false attacks on absentee voting” after a briefing by intelligence officials on Russian disinformation about mail-in voting. The intelligence briefing did not explicitly link the increase in Russian disinformation to Trump’s comments.	https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/29/us/politics/mail-in-voting-russian-disinformation.html	https://web.archive.org/web/20201005043418/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/29/us/politics/mail-in-voting-russian-disinformation.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Adam_Schiff_%2848010611813%29.jpg	Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia							9/29/2020		15684	1107	39068	55859	26	1	1	0	0	1	3	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	1	4	7
70	10/8/2020 1:52:32	46PA2IGK	Iran >>> United States 2020		Twitter			United States	Technology Company	Iran		Iran		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Twitter: Assets Linked to Iran	Based on a tip from the FBI, Twitter removed approximately 130 accounts that appeared to originate in Iran. These accounts tried to disrupt the public conversation on the presidential debate, but had very low engagement.	https://twitter.com/TwitterSafety/status/1311462538056544258?s=20	https://web.archive.org/web/20201008054930/https://twitter.com/TwitterSafety/status/1311462538056544258?s=20	https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/875170358218735617/qYyASCpq_400x400.jpg	Twitter		Twitter			9/29/2020		9/30/2020	Sockpuppets	2671	5864	277	8812	27	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	0	0	0	0	1	7	13
71	10/8/2020 2:20:45	P9G8Q1JN	Israel, United States >>> United Kingdom 2019		The Guardian			United Kingdom	Media	Right-wing Facebook groups	Facebook	Israel, United States	Israel	Non-Aligned Commercial Enterprise		The Guardian: Islamophobic, For-Profit Disinformation Network Discovered	The Guardian published an article on a network of right-wing Facebook groups that shared coordinated political content, much of it Islamophobic in nature. An Israeli man attained administrator privileges on pre-existing right-wing groups and posted identical links on all of them in order to drive traffic to off-platform sites, where he earned ad revenue.	https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/dec/06/inside-the-hate-factory-how-facebook-fuels-far-right-profit	https://web.archive.org/web/20201008061122/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/dec/06/inside-the-hate-factory-how-facebook-fuels-far-right-profit	see source url	Darwin Laganzon/Pixabay		Facebook			1/1/2016		12/5/2019	Sockpuppets	52240	12656	6045	70941	71	1	1	0	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	0	1	1	1	0	3	7	14
72	10/8/2020 2:44:54	1GDZM7XT	Russia >>> United States, United Kingdom 2020		Graphika, Reuters		DELETE	United States, United Kingdom	Private Consultancy	NAEBC, Internet Research Agency		Russia		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Graphika: Russia Targets U.S. Far-Right	According to Graphika, people associated with the Russian Internet Research Agency ran a site called Newsroom for American and European Based Citizens. The site solicited articles from followers and freelance journalists and was aimed at right-wing readers.	https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-election-russia-disinformation/exclusive-russian-operation-masqueraded-as-right-wing-news-site-to-target-u-s-voters-sources-idUSKBN26M5OP	https://web.archive.org/web/20201008064132/https://uk.reuters.com/article/usa-election-russia-disinformation/exclusive-russian-operation-masqueraded-as-right-wing-news-site-to-target-u-s-voters-sources-idUSKBN26M5OP	https://img.thedailybeast.com/image/upload/c_crop,d_placeholder_euli9k,h_711,w_1264,x_83,y_0/dpr_1.5/c_limit,w_1044/fl_lossy,q_auto/v1601554871/Screen_Shot_2020-10-01_at_13.20.52_u8uluk	NAEBC/The Daily Beast	"Junk News"	Parler, Gab					10/1/2020	Sockpuppets, Deceptive Content Manipulation	28159	1765	105121	135045	66	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	1	1	1	1	1	5	8	17
73	10/8/2020 15:26:14	MI3UBT21	United States, Russia >>> United States, Russia 2020	U.S. Intelligence	Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe, Russia		John Ratcliffe	United States, Russia	Government	Hillary Clinton, Russia	Hillary Clinton	United States, Russia	Russia	Proxy/Inferred Attribution		ODNI: Declassfiying Russian Intelligence About Foreign Interference and Clinton Campaign	Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe declassified information on a Russian intelligence assessment claiming that “Hillary Clinton had approved a campaign plan to stir up a scandal against U.S. Presidential candidate Donald Trump by tying him to Putin and the Russians' hacking of the Democratic National Committee.” He acknowledged that U.S. intelligence officials did not know the accuracy of this assessment.	https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/09-29-20_Letter%20to%20Sen.%20Graham_Declassification%20of%20FBI's%20Crossfire%20Hurricane%20Investigations_20-00912_U_SIGNED-FINAL.pdf	https://web.archive.org/web/20201007083018/https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/rep/releases/chairman-graham-releases-information-from-dni-ratcliffe-on-fbis-handling-of-crossfire-hurricane	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Hillary_Clinton_at_Planned_Parenthood-8_%28cropped%29.jpg	Lorie Shaull/Wikimedia					7/26/2016		9/29/2020		1882654	232395	7179	2122228	229	1	1	0	0	1	3	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	0	1	2	0	0	0	1	0	1	6	9
74	10/8/2020 16:13:35	89KP7CL0	Russia, China, Iran >>> United States 2020		Department of Homeland Security			United States	Government	Russia, China, Iran		Russia, China, Iran		Direct Attribution		DHS: China, Russian, Iran Interfering in 2020 Election	The Department of Homeland Security released a report on current threats to the homeland that stated that China, Russia, and Iran will “try to use cyber capabilities or foreign influence to compromise or disrupt infrastructure related to the 2020 U.S. Presidential election.” The report noted that Russia has been “a persistent threat,” but that “China and Iran also pose threats in this space.”	https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2020_10_06_homeland-threat-assessment.pdf	https://web.archive.org/web/20201008184004/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2020_10_06_homeland-threat-assessment.pdf	screenshot	DHS	State Media, "Junk News"				1/1/2016		10/6/2020	Brigading, Sockpuppets, Hacking - Data Exfiltration, Deceptive Content Manipulation	297078	35192	39353	371623	217	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	0	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	11
75	10/8/2020 17:44:27	MZWSSOLA	Iran >>> United States 2020		Twitter			United States	Technology Company	Iran		Iran		Proxy/Inferred Attribution	Black Lives Matter	Twitter: Further Information on Assets Linked to Iran	Twitter removed 104 accounts operating from Iran that artificially amplified conversations on politically sensitive topics, including Black Lives Matter, the murder of George Floyd, and other issues of racial and social justice in the United States. This expanded on Twitter's September 29 announcement regarding Iranian interference.	https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/disclosing-removed-networks-to-our-archive-of-state-linked-information.html	https://web.archive.org/web/20201008214159/https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/disclosing-removed-networks-to-our-archive-of-state-linked-information.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Tehran%2C_Iran%2C_15_53.jpg	Christiaan Triebert/Wikimedia		Twitter			1/1/2020		10/8/2020	Sockpuppets, Botnets	180629	50311	200	231140	96	0	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	0	1	1	1	4	1	0	1	0	1	3	7	14
76	10/15/2020 11:42:59	21UITERF	Russia >>> United States 2020		Michael Carpenter		w/ quotes	United States	Influential Individual	Russia		Russia		Direct Attribution		Biden Advisor: Hacked Emails are Russian Disinfo	The New York Post published emails and images purported to be from the son of Vice President Biden and showing previously undisclosed business interests in Ukraine. Amid widespread suspicion about the veracity and origin of the leaked materials, senior Biden advisor Michael Carpenter stated: “This is a Russian disinformation operation…I’m very comfortable saying that.”	https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/14/biden-campaign-lashes-out-new-york-post-429486	https://web.archive.org/web/20201015153924/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/14/biden-campaign-lashes-out-new-york-post-429486	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Joe_Biden_kickoff_rally_May_2019.jpg	Michael Stokes/Wikimedia	Independent Media						10/14/2020	Hacking - Data Exfiltration, Deceptive Content Manipulation	1124222	13407	48323	1185952	225	1	1	0	0	1	3	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	7	New York Post Leaks
77	10/16/2020 11:42:20	JQPLAH9U	Russia >>> United States 2020		Intelligence Officials			United States	Government	Russia, Rudy Giuliani		Russia		Direct Attribution		Former U.S. Officials: Rudy Giuliani Targeted by Russian Influence Operation	The Washington Post reported that U.S. intelligence officials had raised repeated concerns that Rudy Giuliani, President Trump's personal lawyer, was being used by Russian intelligence to launder disinformation. Giuliani had taken multiple "fact-finding" trips to Ukraine since 2019 with the intent of gathering material to politically damage Vice President Biden. In the process, according to four sources, Guliani was manipulated by Russian assets.	https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/giuliani-biden-ukraine-russian-disinformation/2020/10/15/43158900-0ef5-11eb-b1e8-16b59b92b36d_story.html	https://web.archive.org/web/20201016154003/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/giuliani-biden-ukraine-russian-disinformation/2020/10/15/43158900-0ef5-11eb-b1e8-16b59b92b36d_story.html	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Rudy_Giuliani_%2829299015971%29.jpg	Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia	Independent Media				1/1/2019		10/15/2020		2409744	312864	414222	3136830	552	1	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	0	2	8	15	New York Post Leaks
78	10/22/2020 12:24:55	YQAO5J64	Iran >>> United States 2020		Daily Beast, FireEye			United States	Media	Iran		Iran		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Daily Beast, FireEye: Media Hacks and Amplification Tied to Iran	In what appeared to be a coordinated operation, hackers in Iran broke into the websites and Twitter accounts of news organizations and planted false stories. Then, Iran-linked social media accounts (some of which impersonated real people) amplified the false stories.	https://www.thedailybeast.com/hackers-planted-trump-smearsand-pro-iran-trolls-spread-them?ref=scroll	https://web.archive.org/web/20201022161720/https://www.thedailybeast.com/hackers-planted-trump-smearsand-pro-iran-trolls-spread-them?ref=scroll	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Iranian_national_flag_%28tehran%29.jpg	Farzaaaad2000/Wikimedia	Independent Media	Twitter			5/1/2020		10/19/2020	Sockpuppets, Hacking - Data Exfiltration, Deceptive Content Manipulation	314	1477	0	1791	6	1	0	1	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	0	0	0	1	1	2	7	13
79	10/22/2020 12:38:33	8OV2MXMQ	Russia >>> United States 2020		Former U.S. Intelligence Officials			United States	Influential Individual	Russia		Russia		Proxy/Inferred Attribution		Former U.S. Officials: Hacked Emails Resemble Russian Operation	More than 50 former U.S. intelligence officials signed a letter alleging that the release of emails purportedly belonging to Hunter Biden “has all the classic earmarks of a Russian information operation.” They stated that their experience in national security led them to be “deeply suspicious that the Russian government played a significant role in this case” and concluded that Russia was trying to influence the election.	https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/19/hunter-biden-story-russian-disinfo-430276?mc_cid=5a64993ad7&mc_eid=81144577e6	https://web.archive.org/web/20201022163549/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/19/hunter-biden-story-russian-disinfo-430276?mc_cid=5a64993ad7&mc_eid=81144577e6	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/R._Hunter_Biden_at_Center_for_Strategic_%26_International_Studies_%281%29.jpg	CSIS/Wikimedia	Independent Media						10/19/2020	Deceptive Content Manipulation					0	1	1	1	0	1	4	1	1	1	3	1	1	1	1	0	4	0	1	1	1	0	3	7	14	New York Post Leaks
80	10/22/2020 12:51:00	2GA67JN0	Iran, Russia >>> United States 2020		Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe			United States	Government	Iran, Russia		Iran, Russia		Direct Attribution		ODNI: Iran, Russia interfering in Election	After some voters received threatening emails containing personal information, Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe held a press conference where he alleged that Iran and Russia were attempting to interfere with the U.S. election. He specifically accused Iran of sending the threatening emails in an attempt to denigrate President Trump. Further U.S. government clarifications and concurrent reporting confirmed the U.S. intelligence statement, although they did not corroborate Ratcliffe's claim about anti-Trump intent.	https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-security/u-s-intelligence-agencies-say-iran-russia-have-tried-to-interfere-in-2020-election-idUSKBN2763E3	https://web.archive.org/web/20201022192616if_/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-security/u-s-intelligence-agencies-say-iran-russia-have-tried-to-interfere-in-2020-election-idUSKBN2763E3	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Behesht-e_Zahra%2C_Tehran%2C_Iran_%285072246576%29.jpg	yeowatzup/Wikimedia				Email			10/21/2020	Hacking - Data Exfiltration, Deceptive Content Manipulation					0	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	0	1	0	2	6	13
81	10/22/2020 13:17:01	FVDWC77A	China, Russia, Iran >>> United States 2020		U.S. Intelligence Officials			United States	Government	China, Russia, Iran		China, Russia, Iran		Direct Attribution		Intelligence Officials: China, Russia, Iran Trying to Influence Lawmakers	The Hill reported that U.S. intelligence officials, led by Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe, briefed Congress on efforts by China, Russia, and Iran to influence U.S. lawmakers. The briefing emphasized the role of China, with one official telling The Hill that China has targeted “members of Congress at a rate of approximately six times that of Russia, and 12 times that of Iran.” Some sources, however, argued that this campaign had more in common with normal lobbying than election interference.	https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/520302-exclusive-intelligence-chief-briefed-lawmakers-of-foreign-influence	https://web.archive.org/web/20201022171513/https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/520302-exclusive-intelligence-chief-briefed-lawmakers-of-foreign-influence	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/US_Congress_02.jpg	Bjoertvedt/Wikimedia							10/9/2020	Influencing lawmakers	2959	1481	28	4468	17	1	1	1	1	1	5	0	1	1	2	1	0	1	1	1	4	0	1	0	1	0	2	7	13